Amity Institute of Psychology and Allied Sciences
NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENTS
AND COGNITIVE REHABILITATION
Amity Institute of Psychology and Allied Sciences
NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENTS
A neuropsychological evaluation is a test to measure how well a person's brain is working.
Mental functions being tested include:
• General intellect.
• Reading/reading comprehension.
• Language usage
• Attention/concentration.
• Processing speed.
• Learning and memory.
• Reasoning.
• Motor speed and dexterity.
• Mood and personality
• Visuospatial skills
Amity Institute of Psychology and Allied Sciences
Why do we need Neuropsychological Assessments?
• To help with diagnosis
• To determine cognitive strengths and weakness
• To establish a baseline
• To help plan a treatment
Amity Institute of Psychology and Allied Sciences
NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS
1. Bender Gestalt Test
2. Benton Visual Perception Test
3. Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test
Amity Institute of Psychology and Allied Sciences
BENDER GESTALT TEST
Psychological assessment used to evaluate :
• visual-motor functioning
• visual-perceptual skills
• neurological impairment/deficits
• developmental delays
• emotional disturbances in children and
adults ages three and older
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ADMINISTRATION AND DESCRIPTION
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APPLICATION
Features considered in evaluation:
• Rotation
• Distortion
• Perseveration
• Fragmentation
• Collision or collision tendency etc.
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REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Ghalehban M., Besharat M. A., & Rad E. (2011) conducted a
study on “The Use of the Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test
with Substance Abuse Patients”.
200 volunteers (100 patients, 100 normal) were included
Result: clinical group has higher number of errors in
Bender- Gestalt test than the non clinical group, explained in
terms of visual–perceptor, visual–motor deficits, attention
and executive functions impairment
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BENTON VISUAL RETENTION TEST
Developed by Arthur Benton in 1946 and is now currently in
its 5th edition.
• Individually administered test for people aged from eight
years to adulthood.
• It measures:
o Spatial perception
o visual and verbal conceptualization
o short-term retention and recall
o visuoconstructive abilities.
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TEST FORMAT
The individual examined is
shown 10 designs, one at a
time, and asked to reproduce
each one as exactly as possible
on plain paper from memory.
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Designs can be administered in five different ways, which are:
Method
Type Description
A The examinee views each design for 10 seconds before reproducing them.
B The examinee views each design for 5 seconds before reproducing them.
C The examinee views each design and is allowed to reproduce them while viewing the designs for
an indefinite amount of time.
D The examinee views each design for 10 seconds, and then waits 15 seconds before reproduction
begins.
M The examinee views each design for 10 seconds, and then chooses the correct design from a
multiple choice of four displays.
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A sample design used in Administration M of the Benton Test.
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APPLICATION
• The Benton Test is sensitive to many
forms of brain impairments and
diseases.
• Dementia, brain lesions, thalamic
stroke, and Alzheimer's disease are
among the conditions that have been
shown to greatly reduce an individual's
BVRT score.
Amity Institute of Psychology and Allied Sciences
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Jeffrey H. Snow (1998) conducted a study on
“Clinical Use of the Benton Visual Retention Test for
Children and Adolescents with Learning Disabilities.”
The results of this study support the use of the BVRT with
children and adolescents with LD.
Amity Institute of Psychology and Allied Sciences
REY-OSTERRIETH COMPLEX FIGURE TEST
Author: Meyers, J.E. & Meyers, K.R.
Year:1955
Description : Widely used neuropsychological test
for visual perception and long term visual memory.
Tests visuospatial constructional ability and
visuospatial memory using the “complex figure”
originally designed by Rey
Purpose : Evaluation of memory, attention,
planning, working memory ,neurological ailments,
brain injuries and cognitive development.
Age Range: Adults.
Test Category – Neuropsychological
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ADMINISTRATION AND DESCRIPTION
IMMEDIATE
RECALL-
COPY TRIAL-
Drawing the
copying the figure
figure from
onto a blank sheet
memory after the
of paper
stimulus card has
been removed.
DELAYED
RECALL –
Drawing the RECOGNITION-
figure from recognizing 24
memory 30 geometric figures
minutes after the
Copy trial
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Osterrieth Complex Figure Test among Children With Rey’s Copy. Man, 37 years old, fourth grade- 15 years
Learning Difficulties of institutionalisation
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APPLICATION
• The Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF)
test is a commonly used neuropsychological
assessment tool.
• Used to assess the
visuo-
constructional
ability and visual memory
of neuropsychiatric disorders,
including copying and
recall
tests.
• Assess the visuo-constructional
ability of brain injury or
cognitive
disorders.
Amity Institute of Psychology and Allied Sciences
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
M. Rosselli and A. Ardila conducted a study in 2007 on Effects of age, education, and
gender on the Rey-osterrieth complex figure test. The test was given to 346 normal
elderly subjects divided into groups according to three variables: (1) age (56–60, 61–65,
66–70, 71–75, 76 or more years old), (2) educational level (0–5, 6–12, and more than 12
years of schooling), and (3) sex. Taylor's (1959) system was used to score the figures. It
was observed that scores varied as a function of all three selection variables, for both the
copy and for the immediate reproduction of the figure.
Rosselli, Monica, and Alfredo Ardila. "Effects of age, education, and gender on the
Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure." The clinical neuropsychologist 5.4 (1991): 370-376.
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COGNITIVE REHABILITATION
Cognitive rehabilitation therapy (CRT) refers
to a group of therapies, treatments and
interventions that aim to improve and restore
cognitive function after a brain injury or any
kind of cognitive impairment.
There are two broad approaches to Cognitive
Rehabilitation:
1. Restorative
2. Compensatory
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TYPES OF CRT
Any therapy that aims to improve cognitive
function following an injury to the brain is a
type of CRT, so this therapy comes in many
different forms, such as:
1. Neurofeedback
2. Attention Processing Training
3. Computer Assisted Learning
4. Assistive Devices
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COGNITIVE RETRAINING
• Cognitive Retraining is a systematically
applied set of medical and therapeutic
services designed to involve practicing one
area of cognition.
• Such retraining techniques often include
specific drills and exercises, using paper and
pencil tasks and also computerized
programmes.
• It is also known as Cognitive Rehabilitation,
Neurorehabilitation, Cognitive Remediation,
etc.
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Aims of Cognitive Retraining are:
1. To reinforce/ strengthen/ establish
2. To establish new patterns of cognitive abilities
3. To enable the person to adapt cognitive disability
Approaches to Cognitive Retraining:
4. Education
5. Process Training
6. Strategy Development and Implementation
7. Functional Application
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REFERENCES
1. [Link]
2. [Link]
3. [Link]
&pid=S0718-41232010000200004
4. [Link]
-Complex-Figure-productions-and-Organization-scores-for-10-
yearold_fig3_11578862/amp
5. [Link]
6. [Link]
7. [Link]