CDI4

Traffic Management and Accident

Investigation with Driving
TRANSPORTATION

- is an act or process of conveying from one

place to another
- from the Latin word “Terans” meaning
across or and move and “Portare” means to
carry
VARIOUS ANCIENT MODES OF TRANSPORATATION

• MANPOWER
•
ANIMAL POWER
•
WIND POWER
 ROADS AND VEHICLES HISTORY
WHEEL
- was invented probably in Western Asia
- one of man’s great inventions

THE ROMANS
- were the major road builders in the ancient world
- Roman road networks reached a total of about 50,000 miles (80, 000 km)

CANALS
- a body of water used to be channel of sea transportation
the first canal was constructed by Engr. James Brindley
RAILWAYS
- channel of transportation wherein a parallel line of irons were used
as roads
- the first railroad is the Stockton and Darlington line (1925)

TRAFFIC
- it refers to the movement of persons, goods, or vehicles, either
powered by combustion system or animal drawn vehicle, from one
place to another for the purpose of safe travel
- originated from Greco-Roman word Trafico and Greek word
Traffiga, origin of which is not known
 THE 5’Es OF TRAFFIC
•
1. ENFORCEMENT
the action taken by the police, such as arresting,
issuing traffic citation ticket and providing warning to the
erring driver for the purpose of deterring and
discouraging and or preventing such violation
2. EDUCATION
-the process of giving training and practice in the
actual application of traffic safety knowledge
3. ENGINEERING
- the science of measuring traffic and travel, the study of basic laws relative
to the traffic law and generation; the application of these knowledge to the
professional practice of planning, deciding, and operating traffic system to
achieve safe and efficient transportation of persons and goods

4. TRAFFIC ECOLOGY/ ENVIRONMENT

- the study of potentially disastrous population explosion, changes in urban
environment due to the scale and density of new urban concentration and
new activities carried out, air pollution, water pollution and crowding,
transport congestion which result therein

5. TRAFFIC ECONOMY
- deals with the benefits and adverse effects of traffic to our economy
MANAGEMENT
• - it is an executive function such as planning, organizing,
Directing and supervising, coordinating operating recording
and budgeting traffic affairs

AGENCIES INVOLVED IN THE ENFORCEMENT OF

TRAFFIC

• Land Transportation Office

• - tasked to enforce laws, rules and regulation governing
the registration of motor vehicles, operation of motor vehicle
and traffic rules and regulation as provided by RA 4136 as
amended.
• Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board
•- tasked to regulate transport route
•- regulate franchising
•- prescribe fare rates
•- investigate traffic cases
•- perform judicial function
•- promulgate rules
• - impose and collect fees
- formulate and enforce rules and regulation for transport
operation for promotion of safety and convenience of public
•- coordinate with concerned agencies and enforce E.O. NO
125,124-A and
• E.O. 202 dated June 19,1987
• Department of Transportation and Communications
• - in charge of planning programs coordinating
implementing and perform administrative function and
promotion development and regulation of dependable and
coordinated network of transportation and communication in
order to have fast, safe, efficient and reliable postal
transportation and communication services (EO No. 125.)
• Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA)
• - created under RA. 7924 and sets policies concerning
traffic in Metro Manila, coordinates and regulates
implementation of program related to traffic
• Congress and Local Council- the branch of government
primarily tasked to create laws for the welfare of the
• Judiciary
•- the branch of government that interprets the
law through adjudication of cases

• Traffic Management Group (TMG)

• - the basis service of the PNP tasked to
direct and control traffic, perform accident
investigation, enforce the laws and issue
citations.
 •

• AGENCIES RESPONSIBLE FOR TRAFFIC ENGINEERING

• Department of Public Works and Highways

- has responsibility of determining traffic flow planning
approval of program and budget finding of construction and
maintenance of road and instrument
• Local Public Works and Engineering Offices
- local government units and instrumentalities that have the
same function as the DPWH
- perform such powers within their territorial boundary
AGENCIES INVOLVED IN TRAFFIC EDUCATION

• Schools
• Elementary
• - tasked to educate children to obey traffic rules through their
programmed curricula
• Secondary
• - tasked to educate students in obeying tha traffic rules by imposing
school policies intended for the welfare of the students
• Higher Education
•- they offer subjects on driving and traffic safety course or any allied
subjects
TRAFFIC EDUCATION
-is priceless gem in the entire scale of social order of the road
-is the process of inculcating to an individual the knowledge, skill,
responsibilities and values to become a fully developed person
- the key to smooth traffic flow is discipline and to acquire
discipline people must be educated

PURPOSE OF DRIVER EDUCATION

1. To Instill awareness of one's legal and moral responsibilities in
traffic; and
2. To teach abilities required for one to be eligible for a driver’s
license.
SAFETY CAMPAIGN
- the aim of this campaign is to make road users behave properly
- focuses on public information attitudes; this is characterized as road
propaganda

BIORHYTHM
- the theory asserting that man exhibit constant variation of energy and mood
states

The Environmental Factors in Man’s Theorized Cycles and Interpretation of

Biorhythm
1. The exchange of Light and darkness
2. The four seasons
3. Wet and dry seasons
4. The waxing and waning of the moon
The Biorhythm Cycle
1. 23 days of physical cycle
2. 28 days of emotional cycle
3. 33 days of intellectual cycle
The High State
Physically high
- people are energetic, strong and agile
Emotionally high
- people are creative, artistic and happy
Intellectually high
- people think quickly and logically
The Low State
Physically low
- people tend to be tired and succumb to
sickness
Emotionally low
- people are moody, irritable and depressed
Intellectually low
- people find it difficult to think logically and lacks
coordination
 LEGAL SYSTEM FOR TRAFFIC SAFETY
LICENSING SYSTEM
- it is the system of issuing license to any person who is qualified to fulfill the
responsibilities required by the license.
- administered by the LTO
DRIVER’S LICENSE
- issued to the drivers as privilege granted by the government providing statutory
qualification
LICENSING PROCEDURE
REQUISITES FOR ISSUANCE OF LICENSE
- At least 16 years old for student’s permit
- 17 years old for sub-professional
- 18 years old for professional
• RESTRICTION CODE

1. Restriction Code No 1 - limited to drive motor motorcycles

2. Restriction Code No 2 - limited to drive vehicle weighing not more than
4500 kg
3. Restriction Code No 3 - limited to drive vehicles weighing more than
4500 kg
4. Restriction Code No 4 - limited to drive weighing 4500 kg and with
automatic transmission only
5. Restriction Code No 5 - limited to drive vehicle with automatic clutch
and weighing more than 4500 kg
•
Vehicle Categories for Professional Drivers
[Link] Code A:Motorcycles
L1: Two-wheeled vehicles with a maximum design speed not exceeding 50
km/h. 1
L3: Two-wheeled vehicles with a maximum design speed exceeding 50
km/h.
[Link] Code A1:Tricycles
L2: Three-wheeled vehicles with a maximum design speed not exceeding
50 km/h.
L4: Motorcycles with sidecars with a maximum design speed exceeding 50
km/h.
[Link] Code B:Light Vehicles
Vehicles weighing up to 5,000 kg Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) with a
maximum of 8 passenger seats (M1).
Vehicles weighing up to 5,000 kg GVW with more than 8 passenger seats
(M2).
[Link] Code B1
Non-Professional Driver's License
(NPDL)
•NPDL holders can only drive private vehicles for
personal use.
•NPDL codes are more restrictive compared to PDL:

• A L1,L2,L3-NP-AT: Allows driving automatic

motorcycles only
• B M1,M2,N1-NP-MT: Allows driving light
passenger cars (up to 8 seats) and light goods
vehicles with manual transmission
• B M1,M2,N1-NP-AT: Allows driving light
• DRIVER
• - Licensed operator of a vehicle

• DUITES OF DRIVER IN CASE OF ACCIDENTS

1. Stop immediately.
2. Show the license to the victim and give the true name, address and
contact number.
3. Driver is not allowed to leave the scene without aiding the victim.
•
• EXCEPTIONS TO THE PRECEEDING TOPIC
1. If he is in imminent danger of being seriously harmed by reason of
accident;
2. If he reports the accident to the nearest police station; and
3. If he has summoned the physician or nurse to aid the victim.
CONDUCTOR
- Licensed person allowing limited number
of passengers, freight or cargo in public utility
truck or buses
TEN COMMANDEMENTS OF TRAFFIC
1. KEEP RIGHT - (two lanes, two ways) in case of one way the left lane shall be the fast lane and the
slow lane is the right.
2. OBSERVE ROAD COURTESY- yield to emergency vehicle, pedestrians, trains, vehicle with right
of way, vehicles ahead, large vehicles, uphill traffic, vehicles with momentum, straight traffic, and
traffic signs.
•Emergency Vehicles:
1. Vehicle with physician
2. Ambulance on emergency call
3. Vehicle with wounded or sick person
4. AFP/ PNP vehicle on official call
5. Vehicle in pursuit of criminals
6. A police or fire on call
RIGHT OF WAY RULE
- the right to proceed ahead of another vehicle or pedestrian

1. Intersection- when two or more vehicle is entering an intersection the one on the left
will give way to the right vehicle.
2. Pedestrian- drivers should yield to pedestrian crossing except at intersection
whereas the movement of vehicles is regulated by a police officer.
3. Through highway/ railroad crossing- the driver shall bring to a full stop before
traversing to an intersection. If there is no hazard the driver may slowdown to 5mph.
4. Police /emergency vehicle- all drivers should yield to emergency to emergency
vehicle except as directed by traffic enforcer. Fire trucks are accepted to speed limit
but they are prohibited to have unnecessary speed.
5. From private road to highway- vehicle from private road must yield to that on a
highway.
•
3. PROHIBITED PARKING
• Places where parking is prohibited:
[Link] an intersection
[Link]/ pedestrian lane
[Link] 6 meters from drive way of any response
installation, fire hydrant and private roads
[Link] parking
[Link], alleys, foot of the bridge
[Link] wherein official signs are posted
• 4. WHEN IN DOUBT, DO NOT
OVERTAKE.
• - overtaking lane is the lane to the left
of overtaken vehicle going in the same
direction, overtaken vehicle is the privileged
vehicle
• CONSIDER THESE IF YOU OVERTAKE:
1. Signal the intention.
2. Make sure that the overtaking lane is clear and free of oncoming vehicle for
sufficient distance to facilitate proper overtake.
3. Maneuver at own risk, the vehicle being overtaken is the privileged
vehicle. Drivers keep his lane, maintain speed and yield to overtaking vehicle.
4. He shall increase his speed until the overtaken vehicle has cleared the way
5. In a two lanes, on a divided roadway, they may use either of the lanes.
6. In an expressway with fast and slow lanes, on a divided roadway, they may
use either of the lanes.
7. Overtaking is prohibited at crest of a grade curve, railway crossing, at the
intersection and between construction and caution.
5. THE BUS STOP RULE
[Link] buses queue up in a single file in their order
arrival.
[Link] bus moving toward the center of column of
busses lining on the bus stop zone, and remain
until zone is filled with busses, but longer than
three minutes.
6. RULE TO PREVENT OR UNTANGLE
TRAFFIC JAMS
• - Keep lanes and intersection open in
heavy and slow traffic to avoid overtaking.
In a construction, vehicles should merge
alternately.
7. OBSERVE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
MEASURES
• - Observe and obey traffic notices sign
like notices and pavement markings.
8. THE PHILOSOPHY OF PINOY DRIVER
- Motorist should observe equity of the lead
vehicle, doctrine of the last clear chance on
rotunda drive.
• 9. ON PEDESTRIAN
• - Keep off the roadway except when
crossing on crosswalk. Wait embark and
alight at bus or jeepney stop.
• 10. REMEMBER THE INTERNATIONAL
SAFETY REMINDER- “SAFETY FIRST”
TRAFFIC LAW ENFORCEMENT

• the action taken by the police to compel obedience

to traffic laws and ordinance regulating the use and
movement of motor vehicle for the purpose of
creating a deterrent to unlawful behavior by all
potential violators
TRAFFIC LAW ENFORCER

• a person duly deputized by an agency of

government authorized by law to enforce
traffic laws, rules and regulations
POLICE TRAFFIC LAW ENFORCEMENT

• the part performed by the police and other

agencies with police power including deterrent
to law violations created by the presence of
uniformed police officer and their special
equipment, special assistance to court and
prosecutor and incidental service to highway
users
COURT TRAFFIC LAW ENFORCEMENT

• the performed by the court through

adjudication and penalization