computing ESSENTIALS
CHAPTER
Input and
Output
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computing ESSENTIALS
Competencies
Input devices
Digitizing
Output devices
Multifunctional devices
Telephony
Terminals
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computing ESSENTIALS
Input
Data or instructions
Directly from user
From other sources
Input device
Hardware to provide input to computer
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Input Devices
Keyboards
Pointing devices
Scanners
Image capture
devices
Audio capture
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Keyboards
Most common input device
Characters, numbers, symbols converted to
electrical signal
Typewriter keyboard, numeric keypad, special
keys
Navigation keys
Function keys
Windows key
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Keyboards
Toggle keys
Turns a feature on or off
Caps Lock
Combination keys
Held down in combination with another key
Control key, Alt key
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Pointing Devices
Control a pointer on the
monitor
Used to select buttons,
menus, links
Mouse
Most common
pointing device
Mechanical
Optical
Wireless
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Pointing Devices
Trackball
Move roller ball with thumb
Touch surface
Move finger across surface of pad
Tap to select
Pointing stick
Middle of keyboard
Move with finger
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Pointing Devices
Joystick
Popular for computer games
User grips stick to maneuver
Touch screen
Special monitor
Screen layer with crisscrossed beams of
infrared light
Select by touching screen directly
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Scanning Devices
Copy data from a source
Types of scanners
Optical scanner
Bar code readers
Character and Mark recognition
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Optical Scanners
Copy text or images
Can be displayed, printed, or stored
Types of optical scanners
Flatbed scanner
Source placed on glass surface
Image scanned from below
Portable scanner
Handheld device that slides across
source
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Bar Code Readers
Photoelectric scanner
Read bar codes
Alternating black & white vertical bars
Universal Product Code (UPC)
Seen in grocery stores, retail stores
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Character & Mark Recognition
Magnetic-ink character recognition (MICR)
Reads magnetically encoded characters
Optical-character recognition (OCR)
Reflects light off special preprinted
characters
Optical-mark recognition (OMR)
Senses presence or absence of marks
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Image Capturing Devices
Create or capture original images
Digital camera
Image recorded digitally to memory
Digital video cameras
Capture motion
Webcams
Capture images for broadcast on Internet
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Digitizing Devices
Capture sketches, maps, drawings
Flat surface, writing device
Types
Graphics tablets
Special tablet, stylus
Digital notebook
Regular paper, pen
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Audio-Input Devices
Convert sound into digital format
Voice recognition system
Operate computer by voice command
Dictation
Microphone, sound card, software
Discrete
Continuous
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Voice Recognition Systems
Types
Recognize individual words based on sound
Discrete-speech recognition
Cannot distinguish same-sound words
Continuous-speech recognition
Can distinguish same-sound words
Evaluates context of words
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Output
Processed data from a computer
Text, graphics, photos, audio, video
Common output devices
Monitor
Printer
Plotter
Voice
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Monitors
Most frequently used output
device
Size is measured by diagonal
of screen
Common sizes: 15, 17, 19,
21 inches
Clarity is indicated by
resolution
Measured in pixels
More pixels = better clarity
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Monitor Standards
Resolution capabilities indicated by a monitor’s
standard
Super Video Graphics Array (SVGA)
Extended Graphics Array (XGA)
Super Extended Graphics Array (SXGA)
Ultra Extended Graphics Array (UXGA)
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Monitor Types
Cathode-Ray Tubes (CRT)
Most common
Flat-panel monitors
Passive-matrix
Active-matrix
eBook readers
Data projectors
High-definition television (HDTV)
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Printers
Produces hard copy output
Ink-jet printer
Sprays droplets of ink
Laser printer
Laser produced images
Thermal printer
Heated element produce image on heat
sensitive paper
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Other Printers
Dot-matrix
Series of pins on print head
Inexpensive, not high quality
Chain printer
Used on networks
Plotter
Maps, architectural drawings
High quality, larger sized output
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Audio Output Devices
Translate computer data into understandable
sounds
MP3 files
Components
Sound card
Speaker system or headphones
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Combination Input/Output
Devices
Devices are combined into one device
Save room
Specialized applications
Fax machine
Multifunctional device
Telephony
Terminals
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Fax Machine
Facsimile transmission machine
Sends and receives images across telephone
lines
Fax/modem board
Give computer same capability
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Multifunctional Device
Combines
Scanner
Printer
Fax machine
Copying machine
Cost effective
Saves space
Popular in small offices or home
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Telephony
Uses Internet rather than traditional
communication lines
Requires
Internet telephone
Internet
Special service provider
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Terminals
Devices connected to servers
Input and output
Types
Dumb terminal
Intelligent terminal
Network terminal
Internet terminal
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A Look to the Future
Brain-machine interface
Signal interceptor in brain translates into
action on the computer
Restore mobility to paralyzed
Prosthetic limbs
Virtual reality
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