Modal Summatio Explained

Claes R. Fredö
 Mode shapes
• The 2-DOF system has two distinct mode shapes that mix
when it is excited. This is why the vibration pattern changes
during the animation.
• Mode shape 1 dominates at low frequency while mode shape
2 dominates at higher frequencies.

Mode shape 1 Mode shape 2

(symmetric motion) (anti-symmetric motion)

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 Forced response
• The FRF curve below shows the responses of the 2-DOF system when
excited at the top of the left hand side mass.
1
10

0
10

-1
10

-2
10

-3
10

-4
10
Low frequency
-5
Vibration isolation
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Anti-resonance
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‘Mode shape 1’
 What is new?
• The 2-DOF response must be described at two positions.
• The response at these positions can change in ‘shape’ from one
frequency to another.
• However, each resonance is dominated by a characteristic
shape.

How can we use this?

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 Modal summation
• The procedure depicted below outlines the modal
summation method.
Excitation Modal amplification Mode shapes Modal Forced response
at DOFs X & Y functions 1 & 2 1&2 response at DOFs X & Y

Response
X X = for mode 1
at DOFs X & Y
1
10

0
10 forced —
receiving --

+
-1
10

-2
10

-3
10

-4
10

Response
=
-5

X
10

X
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

for mode 2
at DOFs X & Y

S(Fdof_XY  Gmode_1) · Hmode_1 · Gmode_1

= F1_XY
S(Fdof_Xy  Gmode_2) · Hmode_2 · Gmode_2
= F2_XY
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 Discussion: modal forces & modal amplification
• We excite with the forces 0.9 N and 0.2 N at the dofs X and Y
respectively.
• The mode shapes are: Gmode1= [1,1] and Gmode2 = [1,-1] at dofs X
and Y.
• The modal forces become: 1 1 1 -1
Fmode1 = 1·0.9 + 1·0.2 = 1.1 N
Fmode2 = 1·0.9 + (-1)·0.2 = 0.7 N +

Modal amplification |H|

1000 1000

+ - + - Frequency fa f1 fb f2 fc
Hmode1 +11 1000 -10 -0.5 -0.1
11 10
9
1 Hmode2 +8 +9 +10 1000 -1
8
0.5

0.1

fa f1 fb f2 fc
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 Putting it all together
• We use the input data from the previous slide and the modal
Frequency f a summationf 1method in thef btable below: f 2 fc
X Y X Y X Y X Y X Y
Fmode1Hmode1 1.1111 1.1111 1.1(1000) 1.1(1000) 1.1(-10) 1.1(-10) 1.1(-0.5)1 1.1(-0.5)1 = 1.1(-0.1)1 = 1.1(-0.1)1 =
= 12.1 = 12.1 1 = 1100 1 = 1100 1 = -11 1 =-11 = -0.55 -0.55 -0.11 -0.11
mode1
Fmode2Hmode2 0.781 = 0.78(-1) = 0.791 = 0.79(-1) = 0.7101 = 0.710 0.7(1000) 0.7(1000) 0.7(-1)1 0.7(-1)(-1)
mode2 5.6 -5.6 6.3 -6.3 7 (-1) = -7 1 = 700 (-1) = 700 = -0.7 = 0.7

Total 12.1 +5.6 12.1 –5.6 1100 +6.3 1100 -6.3 -11 +7 -11 -7 -0.55 700 -0.55 700 -0.11 –0.7 -0.11 +0.7
= 17.7 = 6.5 1100 1100 = -4 = -18 700 700 = -0.81 = 0.59

Excitation DOFs -> x y x y

0.9 N 0.2 N +

Gmode1 Gmode2
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 Discussion
• Why can the response be almost zero at the excited dof?
• Why is the response in the receiving dof small when we pass the 2nd
resonance frequency?

_ _
+ +
+
+

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