Chemistry
class 11
project
Redox reaction
Redox reaction
1. What is redox reaction
2. How Redox reaction occur
3. Classification Redox reaction
4. Redox reaction in terms of electron transformation
reaction
5. Balancing of redox reaction
1> What is Redox reaction
A redox reaction, short for reduction-oxidation reaction, is a
chemical reaction where oxidation and reduction occur
simultaneously. In these reactions, one substance loses
electrons (oxidation), while another substance gains
electrons (reduction). Essentially, it's a reaction involving the
transfer of ⁰00electrons between different chemical species.
FOR EXAMPLE ÷
How Redox reaction occur >2
Redox reactions, short for oxidation-reduction reactions, occur when
electrons are transferred between chemical species. Specifically, oxidation is
the loss of electrons by a substance, while reduction is the gain of electrons.
Both oxidation and reduction must occur simultaneously in a redox reaction.
For example ÷
Rusting:
Iron (Fe) loses electrons and is oxidized, forming rust (Fe₂O₃).
Simultaneously, oxygen (O₂) gains electrons and is reduced
3> Classification of Redox reaction
Redox
reactio
n
Oxidati Reducti
on on
reaction reaction
Redox reaction
Oxidation reaction Reduction reaction
An oxidation reaction is a type of
chemical reaction in which a A reduction reaction is a type of
substance loses electrons. This chemical reaction in which a
usually involves the addition of substance gains electrons. It is the
oxygen to a substance or the opposite of an oxidation reaction.
removal of hydrogen.
4> Redox reaction in terms of electrons
transformation reaction
A redox (reduction-oxidation) reaction is a chemical reaction that involves the transfer of
electrons between two substances. In this process:
Oxidation is the loss of electrons.
Reduction is the gain of electrons.
One substance gets oxidized by losing electrons, while another gets reduced by gaining
those electrons. This electron transfer links the two processes, making them occur
simultaneously.
5> Balancing of redox reaction
Redox reactions are balanced either by the ion-electron method or the
oxidation number method. Both methods lead to the correct form of the
balanced equation. The ion-electron method has two advantages.
Chemists prefer to use the ion-electron method for redox reactions in
dilute aqueous solutions.
•> Two method of balancing Redox
reaction
Oxidization number
Ion electron method
method
1> Ion electron method
The ion-electron method, also known as the half-reaction
method, is used to balance redox reactions by separating
them into oxidation and reduction half-reactions.
Example:
Let's consider the reaction: MnO₄⁻(aq) + SO₂(g) → Mn²⁺(aq) + HSO₄⁻(aq) in acidic medium.
1.1. Identify half-reactions:
[Link]: SO₂ → HSO₄⁻
[Link]: MnO₄⁻ → Mn²⁺
4.2. Balance half-reactions:
[Link]: SO₂ + H₂O → HSO₄⁻ + 2H⁺ + 2e⁻
[Link]: MnO₄⁻ + 8H⁺ + 5e⁻ → Mn²⁺ + 4H₂O
7.3. Equalize electron transfer:
Multiply the oxidation half-reaction by 5: 5SO₂ + 5H₂O → 5HSO₄⁻ + 10H⁺ + 10e⁻
[Link] the reduction half-reaction by 2: 2MnO₄⁻ + 16H⁺ + 10e⁻ → 2Mn²⁺ + 8H₂O
9.4. Combine half-reactions:
[Link] the half-reactions: 5SO₂ + 5H₂O + 2MnO₄⁻ + 16H⁺ + 10e⁻ → 5HSO₄⁻ + 10H⁺ + 2Mn²⁺ + 8H₂O + 10e⁻
11.5. Simplify:
[Link] out electrons and water molecules: 5SO₂ + 2MnO₄⁻ + 6H⁺ → 5HSO₄⁻ + 2Mn²⁺ + 3H₂O
2> Oxidation number method
The oxidation number method is a technique used to balance redox (reduction-oxidation)
reactions. It involves tracking the change in oxidation numbers of atoms involved in the
reaction and ensuring the electrons gained and lost are equal
Example
: Balancing HNO3 + H2AsO3 → NO + H2AsO4 + H2O
Identify oxidation number changes:
N in HNO3 changes from +5 to +2 (reduction).
As in H2AsO3 changes from +3 to +5 (oxidation).
Balance the changes:
N changes by -3, and As changes by +2.
To make the changes equal, multiply N by 2 and As by 3.
This gives: 2N changes by -6 and 3As changes by +6.
Write the unbalanced equation:
2HNO3 + 3H2AsO3 → 2NO + 3H2AsO4
Balance the remaining atoms (H and O):
The equation is now balanced: 2HNO3 + 3H2AsO3 → 2NO + 3H2AsO4 + 3H2O,
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