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Computer Architecture and History Overview

The document discusses the concepts of computer architecture and organization, highlighting the distinction between visible attributes to programmers and the implementation of features. It outlines the structure and function of computers, detailing components such as the CPU, memory, and control unit, as well as their operations. Additionally, it provides a brief history of computing, mentioning significant developments and models, including the von Neumann architecture.

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rhile0511
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5 views32 pages

Computer Architecture and History Overview

The document discusses the concepts of computer architecture and organization, highlighting the distinction between visible attributes to programmers and the implementation of features. It outlines the structure and function of computers, detailing components such as the CPU, memory, and control unit, as well as their operations. Additionally, it provides a brief history of computing, mentioning significant developments and models, including the von Neumann architecture.

Uploaded by

rhile0511
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Introduction

Computer
Organization
Architecture &
Organization 1
• Architecture is those attributes visible to
the programmer
– Instruction set, number of bits used for
data representation, I/O mechanisms,
addressing techniques.

• Organization is how features are


implemented
– Control signals, interfaces, memory
technology.
Structure & Function
• Structure is the way in which
components relate to each
other
• Function is the operation of
individual components as part
of the structure
Function
• All computer functions are:
– Data processing
– Data storage
– Data movement
– Control
Functional view
Structure - Top Level

Computer
Peripherals

Central Main
Processing Memory
Unit

Computer
Systems
Interconnection

Input
Output
Communication
lines
Structure - The CPU

CPU

Arithmetic
Computer Registers and
Login Unit
I/O
CPU

Memory Internal CPU


System Interconnection
Bus

Control
Unit
Structure - The Control Unit

Control Unit

CPU Sequencing
Login
ALU
Control
Registers Unit Control Unit
Internal Registers and
Bus Decoders

Control
Memory
A Brief History of
Computing
Wolf Radius Bone
Wolf radius bone ca. 25,000–30,000 B.C.
showing 55 cuts in groups of five, suggesting
a rudimentary form of multiplication or
division.
Tally Sticks
• Original wooden tally
sticks from

• Westminster,
England,
ca. 1250–1275 A.D.
Chinese Abacus
• Representation of 39,017 on a Chinese
abacus.
Cylinder Music Box
• Victorian Swiss cylinder music box, dated
1862.
Pascal’s
Calculating
•
Machine
Performs basic arithmetic operations (early to
mid 1600’s). Does not have what may be
considered the basic parts of a computer.
Babbage’s
Difference Engine
•
#1
Working portion of Babbage’s Difference
Engine No. 1, which is the first known automatic
calculator.
Enigma
• Siemens Halkse T-52 Sturgeon (Enigma)
cipher machine.
Colossus
• The Colossus (ca. 1944).
The ENIAC
• Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer
• The Colossus (ca. 1944).
The von Neumann
Model
• The von Neumann model consists of five major
components:(1) input unit; (2) output unit; (3)
arithmetic logic unit; (4) memory unit; (5) control
unit.
Von Neumann
• The Von Neumann Architecture is a design model
for a stored program digital computer that uses
processing unit.

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