PROCESS ANALYSIS AS A QUALITY
MANAGEMENT TOOL IN RELATION TO A
WATER PROJECT.
GROUP 13
NO. NAME REGISTRATION NUMBER
1 Akiding Peace 24/DPPM/KLA/WKD/276
2 Harun Mugabe 24/DPPM/KLA/WKD/206
3 Kigozi James Mwesigwa 24/DPPM/KLA/WKD/282
4 Amabe Jones Hope 24/DPPM/KLA/WKD/306
5 Komujuni Rebecca 24/DPPM/KLA/WKD/297
6 Bagume Rachael Faibe 24/DPPM/KLA/WKD/093
7 Adarbo Bosco 24/DPPM/KLA/WKD/289
Aspect Summary
Systematic examination of a process to identify
Definition components, inputs, outputs, and performance
what is metrics to improve efficiency and quality.
process Optimize processes, reduce waste, and ensure
Purpose
analysis in consistent quality.
Quality Technique Flowcharts, Value Stream Mapping, Root Cause
manageme s Analysis, Statistical Process Control.
nt
Improved process performance, reduced errors,
Outcome
enhanced customer satisfaction.
Juran, J. M., & Gryna, F. M. (1988). Juran’s Quality
Reference
Control Handbook. McGraw-Hill.
Step Key Activities Example
1. Define Objectives and - Set tool’s purpose (e.g., Analyze filtration and
Scope efficiency, risk reduction) disinfection in a treatment plant
- Define which processes to to meet standards
analyze
2. Map the Process - Use flowcharts/diagrams Map process from raw water
- Identify inputs, activities, intake to distribution, noting
outputs equipment and quality checks
what is the 3. Select Analysis - Choose methods: Value Stream Use SPC to monitor chlorine
Techniques Mapping, SPC, RCA, FMEA levels in real-time
process of 4. Design the Tool - Develop checklists, Create a dashboard integrating
developing dashboards, templates
- Enable data collection,
sensor data for real-time water
quality monitoring
the Process analysis, and visualization
analysis 5. Incorporate Quality
Standards
- Align with ISO, WHO, local
regulations
Set microbial limits based on
WHO standards
tool 6. Test and Validate the - Pilot test Test on filtration unit to detect
Tool - Collect user feedback sediment issues
- Compare results with manual
audits
7. Implement and Train - Roll out tool Train staff to monitor pump
- Train staff on usage and performance and plan
interpreting results maintenance
8. Monitor and Improve - Collect ongoing data Add AI features for predictive
- Update based on tech, maintenance of water pumps
regulations, and needs
Function Description Example
Collects real-time data (e.g., from Tracks filtration efficiency by
Process Monitoring
pH, turbidity, chlorine sensors) analyzing sediment removal rates
Uses tools like Value Stream Mapping Flags a pump operating below
Identifying Inefficiencies to detect bottlenecks, delays, or optimal pressure, indicating need for
resource waste maintenance
Applies Statistical Process Control
Alerts when chlorine levels fall below
Quality Control (SPC) to maintain water quality
safe thresholds
within standards
Uses FMEA to identify and prioritize Highlights corrosion risk in pipes that
How a Risk Assessment
potential failure points could compromise water quality
Process Creates dashboards and reports for
Displays daily water quality metrics
Analysis Data Visualization & Reporting performance tracking and decision-
for managers to review
making
Tool is Used Triggers an alert to increase
in a Water Corrective Actions
Suggests or automates actions when
coagulant dosage if turbidity is too
deviations occur
Project high
Analyzes historical data to identify Recommends energy-efficient pumps
Continuous Improvement trends and recommend process after evaluating long-term energy
enhancements use
Ensures adherence to standards
Logs chlorine incidents for audits and
Compliance & Documentation (e.g., ISO, WHO, local laws) and
regulatory inspections
maintains records
In municipal water treatment,
Integration with SCADA, sensors, and
Practical Application detects low chlorine residual and
operator inputs in real projects
alerts staff to adjust dosing
Delivers safe water, reduces
Maintains public health standards
Outcome operational costs, and ensures
and improves system efficiency
compliance
Limitation Description Impact
Data Dependence Relies on accurate, Misleading analysis,
timely data quality risks
Limited Scope Misses external factors Incomplete risk
Limitations (e.g., weather) assessment
of a Process High Setup Costs Expensive Limits adoption in small
Analysis hardware/software projects
Tool in a Complexity & Training Requires skilled users Increases human error
Needs risk
Water
Poor Adaptability to Can’t handle Quality lapses during
Project Disruptions emergencies well crises
Over-Reliance on Reduces human Misses subtle,
Automation oversight experience-based cues
Maintenance Needs regular upkeep Performance degrades
Requirements over time
Regulatory Slow to adapt to new Risk of non-compliance
Inflexibility standards
Limitation Recommendation Example Solution Impact
Data Quality & Redundant sensors, Dual turbidity sensors + Reliable data for accurate
Availability manual backups, routine weekly manual tests monitoring
calibration
Limited Scope Add external data & Integrate weather/river Broader, proactive quality
predictive models data to adjust filtration management
High Setup Costs Use open-source tools, OpenSCADA + affordable Affordable
low-cost sensors, sensors + NGO grants implementation for small
Recommendati partnerships setups
ons to Complexity & Simplify interface, Color-coded dashboard + Fewer errors, faster
Training Needs regular training, monthly training operator response
Overcome multilingual support workshops
Limitations of a Unpredictable Adaptive algorithms, Pressure drop triggers Better crisis resilience
Process Events emergency protocols pipe isolation + flood-
mode detection
Analysis Tool in Over-Reliance on Manual audits, operator Weekly visual checks + Balanced automation and
a Water Project Automation overrides manual chemical dosing if human judgment
needed
Maintenance Proactive schedule, self- Auto alerts for calibration Sustained performance
Challenges diagnostics + diagnostic modules and reliability
Regulatory Modular design, real-time Configurable thresholds + Continuous compliance,
Adaptability updates regulatory alerts from avoids penalties
EPA/WHO
Reference Focus / Application
Montgomery, D. C. (2019). Introduction to Statistical Process Control (SPC) and process
Statistical Quality Control. Wiley. monitoring.
Hammer, M., & Champy, J. (2009).
Reengineering the Corporation. Harper Process mapping, analysis, and optimization.
Business.
World Health Organization. (2017). Guidelines
Water quality standards and compliance.
for Drinking-Water Quality. WHO.
ISO 9001:2015 – Quality Management Quality management frameworks and best
Systems. [Link] practices.
American Water Works Association. (2020).
Water project-specific processes and treatment
Water Quality and Treatment: A Handbook on
standards.
Drinking Water.