POVERTY
(Philippine Social Realities &
Social Work )
types of poverty
GAURAV KUMAR APR 11, 2018 18:16 IST
On the basis of social, economical and
political aspects, there are different ways to identify
the type of Poverty:
1. Absolute poverty.
2. Relative Poverty.
3. Situational Poverty.
4. Generational Poverty.
5. Rural Poverty.
6. Urban Poverty.
Absolute poverty
1. Absolute poverty: Also known as extreme poverty
or abject poverty, it involves the scarcity of basic food,
clean water, health, shelter, education and
information. Those who belong to absolute poverty
tend to struggle to live and experience a lot of child
deaths from preventable diseases like malaria, cholera
and water-contamination related diseases. Absolute
Real Measurement of poverty
It was first introduced in 1990, the “dollar a day” poverty
line measured absolute poverty by the standards of the
world's poorest countries. In October 2015, the World Bank
reset it to $1.90 a day. This number is controversial;
therefore each nation has its own threshold for absolute
poverty line.
The World Bank defines poverty in absolute terms. It
defines extreme poverty as living on less than US$1.90 per
day.[2] (PPP), and moderate poverty as less than $3.10 a day.
Table 1: Selected Official Poverty Statistics for the First Semesters
of 2018 and 2015. Source: PSA (Phil. Institute of Development
Studies)
Continuation: poverty
It is a condition so
limited by malnutrition,
illiteracy, disease,
squalid surroundings,
high infant mortality,
and low life expectancy
as to be beneath any
reasonable definition of
human decency.
" Said by Robert
McNamara, the former
president of the World
Bank.”
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: It is defined from the social perspective
that is living standard compared to
2. Relative the economic standards of population
Poverty living in surroundings. Hence it is a
measure of income inequality.
Ex. Cannot send children to school
3. It is a temporary type of poverty
Situational based on occurrence of an adverse
event like environmental disaster,
Poverty job loss and severe health problem.
4. It is handed over to individual and families
from one generation to the one. This is more
Generationa complicated as there is no escape because the
people are trapped in its cause and unable to
l Poverty access the tools required to get out of it.
Occurs in families where at least two
generations have been born into poverty.
Families living in this type of poverty are
not equipped with the tools to move out of
their situation” (Jensen, 2009).
It occurs in rural areas with population
below 50,000. It is the area where there are
less job opportunities, less access to
5. Rural services, less support for disabilities and
Poverty quality education opportunities. People are
tending to live mostly on the farming and
other menial work available to the
surroundings.
6. Urban It occurs in the metropolitan areas with
Poverty population over 50,000. These are some major
challenges faced by the Urban Poor:
• Limited access to health and education.
• Inadequate housing and services.
• Violent and unhealthy environment because
of overcrowding.
• Little or no social protection mechanism.
Note: “Extre
me global if the wealthy countries of the world were to
increase their combined foreign aid budgets
poverty could to between $135 billion and $195 billion from
be eliminated 2005 to 2015. In 2004, 1.1 billion people
lived in extreme poverty on less than a dollar
by 2025 a day”.
Book by Jeffrey Sachs “The End of Poverty”
Thank you
ecrecamara