GAS LAW
Learning objectives
at the end of this lesson the learners can;
Define the concept Charles law, Gay- Lussac’s law and Avogadro’s Law
Describe the difference concept of each law; and
Solve problem related Charles law, Gay-Lussac’s law and Avogradro’s Law
Charles Law
V
V k
n
n
Charles Law
• Jacques Alexander Cesar Charles (1746-1823)
is a French scientist, inventor, mathematician
and balloonist . He invented the hydrometer
and studied the relationship between the
volume and temperature of gas constant
pressure. Using kelvin temperature scale, you
can convert Celsius to Kelvin by adding 273
degree celsius.
Charles Law
• Charle’s Law concept can also be applies to
bread or cake baking. In baking, the yeast
gives off carbon dioxide that produces
bubbles, which expand further due to the
rising temperature and causes the baking
bread or cake to rise and become fluffy.
• Charle’s law states that at constant pressure,
the volume of a gas varies directly with the
absolute temperature.
Gay-Lussac’s Law
• Joseph Gay-Lussac (1778-1850) was a
French chemist and physicist wo explained
the relationship between pressure and
temperature.
• Gay-Lussac’s Law states that the
pressure of a definite mass of gas is
directly propositional to the temperature in
kelvin at the constant volume of a gas. It
can be explained interims of the kinetic
molecular theory- if the temperature
increase, the kinetic energy of molecules
will increase along with the pressure.
Gay-Lussac’s Law
Formula for Gay-Lussac’s Law
P1=P2 or P1T2=P2T1
T1 T 2
Gay-Lussac’s Law
Example
1. Aerosol can be dangerous when they are
heated because they can explode. Suppose a can
of insecticides with a pressure of 3. 5 atm at a
room temperature of 300 degree Celsius is
thrown into a fire. What will be it’s pressure if
the gas temperature inside the can reach 352
degree Celsius ? Would you expect the can
explodes if the maximum safe pressure is 8.0
atm?
Gay-Lussac’s Law
Formula for Gay-Lussac’s Law
P1=P2 or P1T2=P2T1
T1 T 2
Given:
T1= 300 degree Celsius + 273K=573K
T2= 352 degree Celsius + 273 K=625K
P1=3.5 atm
P2=?
P1T2=P2T1
Gay-Lussac’s Law
Formula P1T2=P2T1
P1T2=P2T1 T1 T1
Derived formula P2=P1T2
T1
Solution
P2= (3.5 atm)(25K)
573K
2P2= 3.82 atm
Gay-Lussac’s Law
A. Avogadro’s Principle
Equal volumes of gases contain
equal numbers of moles
• at constant temp & pressure
• true for any gas
V
V k
n
n
A. Ideal Gas Law
Merge the Combined Gas Law with Avogadro’s Principle:
PV
V
k
=R
nT
T
n
UNIVERSAL GAS
CONSTANT
R=0.0821 Latm/molK
R=8.315
You dm kPa/molK
3 to memorize these values!
don’t need
A. Ideal Gas Law
PV=nRT
UNIVERSAL GAS
CONSTANT
R=0.0821 Latm/molK
R=8.315
You dm kPa/molK
3 to memorize these values!
don’t need
C. Ideal Gas Law Problems
Calculate the pressure in atmospheres of
0.412 mol of He at 16°C & occupying 3.25 L.
GIVEN: WORK:
P = ? atm PV = nRT
n = 0.412 mol
P(3.25)=(0.412)(0.0821)(289)
T = 16°C = 289 K L mol Latm/molK K
V = 3.25 L
P = 3.01 atm
R = 0.0821Latm/molK
C. Ideal Gas Law Problems
Find the volume of 85 g of O2 at 25°C
and 104.5 kPa.
GIVEN: WORK:
V=? 85 g 1 mol = 2.7 mol
n = 85 g = 2.7 mol 32.00 g
T = 25°C = 298 K
PV = nRT
P = 104.5 kPa (104.5)V=(2.7) (8.315) (298)
R = 8.315 dm kPa/molK
3
kPa mol dm3kPa/molK K
V = 64 dm3