FEIłIIALE
GENITAL
MUTILATI
ON
-Female genital mutilation (FGM) refers to all procedures
involving partial or total removal of the female external
genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for
non-medical reasons.
-It is most often carried out on young girls between
infancy
and age 10.
-In every form in which it is practiced, FGM is a violation of
girls' and women's fundamental human ri;;hts, including
their rights to health, security and dignity.
Types of FG M x - - - • •--
GRADES
1. Clitoridectomy - removing part or all of the clitoris
2. Excision — removing part or all of the clitoris and the inner
lab
Infibulation - narrowing the vaginal opening by creating a seal
4. OTHERS -harmful procedures to the female genitals, including
pricking, piecing, cutting, scraping or burning the area
SOME OF THE TOOLS USE
I. CAMEL CUTTER
IC. SPECIAL KNIVES
III. SCISSORS
lV. SCALPELS
V. PIECES OF GLASSES AND
RAZOR
SHORT TERM
Common short-term complications include swelling,
excessive bleeding, pain, urine retention and
healing problems.
other short-term complications
include fatal bleeding,
and
It is not known how many girls and women die as a
result of the practice, because complications may not be
recognized or reported.
The most frequently cited reasons for carrying out FGM are social
acceptance, religion, misconceptions about hygiene, a means of
preserving a girl or woman's virginity, making the woman
"marriageable" and enhancing male sexual pleasure.
In some cultures FGM is regarded as a rite of passage into adulthood,
and considered a pre-requisite for marriage.
Although there are no hygienic advantages or health benefits to FGM,
practising communities believe that women's vaginas need to be cut -
and women who have not undergone FGM are regarded as unhealthy, ’ ,’’
unclean or unworthy. ’
INDIA'S DARK
The cruel SECRET
practice of female genital cutting or female
genital mutilation (FGM) is not happening only in far
away Africa.
It's not just being practised in tribal societies. Young
girls aged six and seven are regularly being cut right
here, in India. Mumbai abounds with untrained
midwives who continue to scar young girls from the
Bohra community
LONG
TERM
> They include the formation of
and
scars that lead to and
obstruction, that may
become infected, formatio
r and Urine may collect n
underneath the scar, leaving the
area under the skin constantly wet,
which can lead to infection and the
formation of small stones.
FGM may place women at higher risk of problems
during pregnancy and childbirth, which are more
common with the more extensive FGM procedures
FGM was associated with an increased risk to the
mother
of damage to and ,
the well as a as
need to the baby, and
perhaps
because of a
long
DIFFERENT TYPES OF FE¥ALE GENITAL
MUTIATIOX
OUTORlDEGTOM tXGSl0
Y N HARMfUtDROCfDURfS
TO TH?f?MAtt0?HlTAUA
DOR NON-
WfDlCAtPURPOSES
A VVF is an abnormal communication between the urinary
bladder and the vagina that results in the continuous involuntary
discharge of urine into the vaginal vault.
underlying factor to the problem of VVF is the customary
birth practices. Most prominent is the female genital
mut1lation
For instance, the gishiri cut which is very popular in the
Northern part of Nigeria involves the incis1on of parts of
the vagina W1th razor blade or a large curved knife, the
CUt iS made against the pubic bone endangering both
bladder and urethra
NTERNAT ONAL
DAY
ZERO TOLERANCE
FEMALE GENITAL
NUTILATIO
N