ARITHMETIC
CHAPTER 1
ARITHMETIC
1.1 Operations with Rational
Numbers
1.2 Exponents, Base &
Decimals
1.3 Estimation & Decimal
Operations
1.4 Equivalence, Order &
Sequences
1.5 Percents
1.6 Word Problems
1.1 Rational Numbers
Types of Numbers:
natural, whole, integers, rational, prime,
composite, fractions, mixed
Addition Sign Rules: If same signs,
add & keep the sign. If different signs,
subtract smaller from larger and give sign
of the larger.
Rational Numbers
Addition continued
Change mixed numbers to fractions.
Find Least Common Denominators
1.1 Adding & Subtracting
1 1 9 2
1. 2 + = 2 +
2 9 18 18
Remember to find common denominators first.
Did you forget the 2
1.1 Adding & Subtracting
1 4 1
3. −2 + 1 = −1 + 1
4 4 4
1 3 3 1
A. 3 B. C. - D. -1
4 4 4 4
It is subtraction! Subtract smaller from larger and
give same sign as larger. (Thus result is negative)
We need to get 4/4 from 2: 2 = 1 and 4/4
1.1 Adding & Subtracting
2 2
4. - −(−1) =− + 1
3 3
5 1 1
A. - B. - 1 C. D. -
3 3 3
First let us change the -(-1) to a +1
Remember: bigger minus smaller, sign
bigger! (result must be positive)
1.1 Multiplying & Dividing
Multiplication & Division Rules of Signed
Numbers:
If same signs, result is positive.
If different signs, result is negative.
Multiplication of a c axc
x =
Fractions b d bxd
Division of a c a d
÷ = x
Fractions b d b c
1.1 Multiplication & Division
1 1
×1 = 1 6 2
5. ×
3 5 3 5
1
2 1 2 1
A. B. C. D. 1
€15 4 5 15
1.1 Multiplication & Division
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 2⎞ 1 3 3
7. ⎜- ⎟ ÷ ⎜− ⎟ = × =
⎝ 5⎠ ⎝ 3⎠ 5 2 10
10 3 3 10
A. B. C. - D. -
3 10 10 3
€
Same signs means positive result!!
Remember to invert the second fraction!
1.2 Exponent; Base; Decimal
A. Definition a n =axaxa...xa
of Exponents
(a is used n times)
B. Place Place value increases
Value & Base moving left of units place,
and decreases moving right
of units place.
4 3 2 1 1 1 1 1
...10 10 10 10 U . 1 2 3 4
...
10 10 10 10
1.2 Examples
3 4
1. (7 )(6 ) = (7 • 7 • 7) (6 • 6 • 6 • 6)
1.2 Examples
5. Select the place value associated
with the underlined digit 83,584.02
1 1 3 2
A. B. C. 10 D. 10
103 10 2
1.3 Estimation & Operations
A. Estimating Sums,
Averages or Products:
An estimate of the average is
between the highest and
lowest.
1.3 Estimation & Operations
B. Operations with Decimals:
To add or subtract: line up dec. pts.
To multiply: number of dec. places in
the product is the sum of the number of
dec. places in the factors.
To divide: if divisor is whole number,
bring decimal pt. up. If divisor is not,
move decimal point as needed.
1.3 Estimation Examples
1. If a unit of water costs $1.82
and 40.435 units were used,
which is a reasonable
estimate? (Water is sold…)
A. $80,000 B. $800 C. $8000 D.$80
1.3 Estimation Examples
4. 500 students took an algebra
test. All scored less than 92 but
more than 63. Which of the
following could be a reasonable
estimate of the avg. score?
A. 96 B. 63 C. 71 D. 60
1.3 Decimal Examples
7. 14.22 - 1.761= 14.220
-1.761
A.12.459 It is smaller than
B.13.459 14.22 - 1.22=13
C.11.459 It is larger than
D.12.261 14.22 -2=12.22
1.3 Decimal Examples
10. 3.43 x 2.8
A. 0.9604 Estimate 3 x 3 = 9
B. 8.504
Larger than 3 x 2.8
C. 7.1344 = 8.24
D. 9.604
1.3 Decimal Examples
735 .
12. 36.75 ÷ 0.05 = 0.05 36.75
A. 735 Dividing by a number between
B. 73.5 0 and 1 will cause the result to
C. 7.35 be larger than original number
D. 0.0735
1.4 Equivalence; Order; Seq.
Rational numbers can be written as
fractions, mixed numbers, dec. or %
1
Example =.25 =25%
4
To compare two rational numbers,
express them in the same way
A sequence of numbers is arranged
according to some law. Look for the
pattern to find the next number.
1.4 Equivalence Examples
1. 0.19= 19
100
19 9 19 19
A. % B. 1 C. D.
100 10 10 100
0.19 is not greater than 1
% “means divided by 100”
19/100 %=0.19/100=0.0019
1.4 Equivalence Examples
2. 350%=
A. 0.350
B. 3.50
C. 350.0
D. 3500
1.4 Equivalence Examples
92
3. 100
A. 0.92
B. 0.092
C. 9.2%
D. 0.92%
1.4 Order Examples
100 5 11 ~260
5. A. =
26 20 B. <
sm < lg
C. >
17
8. 0.82 <
sm 20
lg A. =
17 17 x 5 85 B. <
= = =0.85 C. >
20 20 x 5 100
1.4 Sequence Examples
10. Identify the missing term in the following
geometric progression
1 1 1 1
−1, ,− , ,− ,_____
4 16 64 256
PATTERN: Multiply each denom.
Signs alternate by 4 to get the next
Thus,
€ positive 256 x 4 = 1024
1 1 1 1
A. B. C. - D.
2048 1024 1024 4
1.5 Percents
Percent increase or difference p
=
decrease original # 100
" is" " p"
Percent problems =
" of " 100
Real-world problems with percent
R S T U V
Method
1.5 Percent Examples
1. If 30 is decreased to 6, %
decrease? 4
(diff .) 24 p
=
(orig .) 305 100
5p = 400 p = 80
A. 8% B. 24% C. 20% D. 80%
1.5 Percent Examples
5. What is 120% of 30?
x 120 10x = 360
=
30 100 x = 36
A. 0.25 B. 25 C. 36 D. 3.6
1.6 Word Problems
1. A car rents for $180 per
week plus $0.25 per mile.
Find the cost of renting this
car for a two week trip of 400
miles for a family of 4.
A. $280 B. $380 C. $460 D. $760
1.6 Word Problems
6. Find the smallest positive
multiple of 6 which leaves a
remainder of 6 when divided
by 10 and a remainder of 8
when divided by 14.
A. 36 B. 18 C. 48 D. 53
REMEMBER
MATH IS FUN
AND …
YOU CAN DO IT