Scribd
Upload
16 views10 pages

Difference Equations via Z-Transform

The document explains the use of Z-Transform to solve difference equations in the discrete-time domain by converting them into algebraic equations in the z-domain. It outlines the steps for applying the Z-Transform, including dissecting the equation, transforming each part, and simplifying to find the output expression. An example is provided to illustrate the process of finding the closed-form expression for the output using Z-Transform.

Uploaded by

tatlitolga5
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
16 views10 pages

Difference Equations via Z-Transform

The document explains the use of Z-Transform to solve difference equations in the discrete-time domain by converting them into algebraic equations in the z-domain. It outlines the steps for applying the Z-Transform, including dissecting the equation, transforming each part, and simplifying to find the output expression. An example is provided to illustrate the process of finding the closed-form expression for the output using Z-Transform.

Uploaded by

tatlitolga5
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

SOLUTION OF DIFFERENCE

EQUATIONS USING Z-
TRANSFORM
Solution of Difference Equations
Using Z-Transform
Z-Transform is a mathematical tool that is used to convert
difference equations in discrete-time domain into algebraic
equations in z-domain.

Z-Transform is an important technique for analyzing and


understanding digital control systems.
Solution of Difference Equations
Using Z-Transform
Closed-form expressions for x(k) can’t be obtained from the
computer solution. Z-Transform method enables us to obtain
the closed-form expression for x(k).

Where u(k) is system input and x(k) is system output:

x(k)+ a1x(k− 1)+ . . . + anx(k−n) = b0u(k)+ b1u(k− 1)+ . . . +


bnu(k−n)

At the kth iteration.


Solution of Difference Equations
Using Z-Transform
Solution of Difference Equations
Using Z-Transform
When a difference equation is given ,first, the parts of it should
be dissected to transforming into z-domain easier.

Second of all, every part should be z-transformed.

Then , put the z transforms in the equation back.

To find the output expression , leave X(z) alone on a side.

Then simplify the expression.

Take Inverse Z-Transform.


Solution of Difference Equations
Using Z-Transform
Example

x(k + 2) + 3x(k + 1) + 2x(k) = 0, x(0) = 0, x(1) = 1

Find x(k) using Z-Transform.

Z[x(k+2)] = z2X(z) − z2x(0) − zx(1)

Z[x(k+1)] = zX(z) − zx(0)

Z[x(k)] = X(z)
Solution of Difference Equations
Using Z-Transform
z2X(z) − z2x(0) − zx(1) + 3zX(z) – 3zx(0) + 2X(z) = 0

We know x(0) = 0 , so − z2x(0) = 0 and – 3zx(0) = 0

Simplified version would be :

z2X(z) − zx(1) + 3zX(z) + 2X(z) = 0

We know x(1) = 1 , so zx(1) = z.1 = z

z2X(z) -z + 3zX(z) + 2X(z) = 0


Solution of Difference Equations
Using Z-Transform

z2X(z) -z + 3zX(z) + 2X(z) = 0

X(z)(z2 + 3z + 2) = z

X(z) = z / (z2 + 3z + 2)

X(z) = z / (z+1)(z+2)

X(z) = z / z+1 - z / z+2


Solution of Difference Equations
Using Z-Transform
X(z) = 1 / 1+z-1 - 1 / 1+ 2z-1

Z-1 [1 / 1+z-1 ] = (-1)k

Z-1 [1 / 1+2z-1 ] = (-2)k

x(k) = (-1)k - (-2)k

k= 0,1,2,…
Solution of Difference Equations
Using Z-Transform
So that , the output expression x(k) is obtained thanks to Z-
Transform .

You might also like