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Understanding Atomic Structure and Isotopes

The document provides an overview of atomic structure, detailing that all atoms consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons, with each element having a unique atomic number. It explains the calculation of sub-atomic particles, the concept of ions, isotopes, and electronic structure, including energy levels and valence electrons. Additionally, it touches on the uses of radioisotopes in various fields and their advantages and disadvantages.

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6 views30 pages

Understanding Atomic Structure and Isotopes

The document provides an overview of atomic structure, detailing that all atoms consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons, with each element having a unique atomic number. It explains the calculation of sub-atomic particles, the concept of ions, isotopes, and electronic structure, including energy levels and valence electrons. Additionally, it touches on the uses of radioisotopes in various fields and their advantages and disadvantages.

Uploaded by

ifnot.cecilia
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

The Building blocks of

Matter
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Structure of Atom

All atoms are made up of the
same particles: protons,
neutrons and electrons.
The atoms of each element
have a unique number of
protons, neutrons and
electrons.
Atomic Number= # of p =
# of e in a neutral atom.
Each element has a
unique atomic #. No two
elements have the
same atomic #
Representation of an atom
Calculating Sub-atomic
particles
 Atomic
# = # protons = # electrons in a
neutral atom.
 Mass #=Nucleon #= #p + # n
 A=Z + #n
 #n=A-Z(Mass # - Atomic #)
Representation of an Element on
the Periodic Table
Ion- a charged atom or particle
NOTE:

For a Neutral atom, #p = # e


For a cation, #p > #e
For an anion, #p < # e
Isotopes &
Electronic
Structure
Isotopes

 Atoms of the same element which have


the same proton number but different
mass number.
 Identified by mass # or neutron #
 Have the same chemical properties but
different physical properties(density,
boiling & melting point, rate of diffusion)
Electronic structure

Energy level or shell Maximum number of electrons


(2n2)

Ist 2

2nd 8

3rd 8
Valence shell and electrons
Ca - 2,8,8,2
Note:

 Electronic configuration of an atom is


different from Its ion
 Na has 11e --------2,8,1
 Na+ has lost one e, has 10 e……..2,8
 O has 8e--------- 2,6
 O2- has gained 2e has 10e ………2,8
Bohr’s Model of Atom
Radioisotopes

 Researchand outline some


common uses of radioisotopes in
medicine, industry, agriculture
and scientific research.
 Advantages and disdvantages of
radioisopes

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