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Understanding Imaginary & Complex Numbers

The document provides an overview of imaginary and complex numbers, including their definitions, properties, and operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. It explains how imaginary numbers are used to take square roots of negative numbers and introduces the concept of complex numbers in standard form. Additionally, it covers graphing complex numbers on the complex plane and finding absolute values and conjugates.

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Akniet Kydyrbek
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7 views33 pages

Understanding Imaginary & Complex Numbers

The document provides an overview of imaginary and complex numbers, including their definitions, properties, and operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. It explains how imaginary numbers are used to take square roots of negative numbers and introduces the concept of complex numbers in standard form. Additionally, it covers graphing complex numbers on the complex plane and finding absolute values and conjugates.

Uploaded by

Akniet Kydyrbek
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Imaginary

&
Complex
Numbers
Daily Check
For each equation find the
discriminant and the number of
solutions.
2
1. 3 x  4 x  2 0

2
2. x  6 x  9 0
Today’s Question:
How do we take the square root
of negative numbers?
i
i 1
-In the set of real numbers, negative numbers do
not have square roots.

-Imaginary numbers were invented so that negative


numbers would have square roots and certain
equations would have solutions.

-These numbers were devised using an imaginary


unit named i.

i 1
-The imaginary numbers consist of all numbers bi,
where b is a real number and i is the imaginary unit,
with the property that i² = -1.

-The first four powers of i establish an important


pattern and should be memorized.

Powers of i
1 2 3 4
i i i  1 i  i i 1
Examples of how we i 1
use
 16  16   1  81  81   1

4  i 9  i
 4i  9i
Examples of how we i 1
use
 45  45   1
 3 3 5   1

3 5   1
3 5  i
3i 5
Complex Numbers
A complex number has a real part
and imaginary part.
Standard form is:
a  bi
Real part Imaginary part
Example: 5+4i
The Complex Plane

Real Axis

Imaginary Axis
Graphing in the complex plane
 2  5i
.
2  2i
.
4  3i
. .
 4  3i
Adding and Subtracting
(add or subtract the real parts, then add or
subtract the imaginary parts)

Ex: ( 1  2i )  (3  3i ) Ex: 2i  (3  i )  (2  3i )
( 1  3)  (2i  3i ) ( 3  2)  (2i  i  3i )
2  5i  1 2i

Ex: (2  3i )  (3  7i )
(2  3i )  ( 3  7i)
 1 4i
Absolute Value of a Complex
Number

The distance the complex number


is from the origin on the complex
plane. (a  bi )
If you have a complex number
the absolute value can be found
2 2
using:
a b
plane
 2  5i
.
5

2
Examples
1.  2  5i 2.  6i
 ( 2) 2  (5) 2  (0) 2  ( 6) 2
 4  25  0  36
 29  36
6
Which of these 2 complex numbers is
closest to the origin?
-2+5i
Try These!!!
1. 4 i 2. 3i
 (4) 2  ( 1) 2  (0) 2  (3) 2
 16  1  09
 17  9
3
Which of these 2 complex numbers is
closest to the origin?
3i
Powers of i
1.) Find i23  i
2.) Find i2006  1
3.) Find i37 i
4.) Find i828 1
Simplify. -Express these numbers in terms of i.
1.)
3.)  5   1*5   1 5 i 5

4.) 
2.)  7   1* 7   1 7  i 7

3.)
5.)  99   1* 99   1 99
i 3 3 11
3i 11
You try…
6  7 i 7
.
7   36  6i
.
8  160 4i 10
.
To multiply imaginary numbers or
an imaginary number by a real
number, it is important first to
express the imaginary numbers in
terms of i.
Multiplying
9. 47i 2 94i
10. 2i   5 2i   15 2i i 5
2
2i 5  2 5
2
11.   3   7  i 3 i 7  i 21

 ( 1) 21  21
Add or Subtract
7.)
12 7i  9i 16i
.
8.)
13 ( 5  6i )  (2  11i)  3  5i
.
9.)
14. (2  3i )  (4  2i) 2  3i  4  2i
 2  i
Multiplying & Dividing
Complex Numbers

Part of 7.9 in your book


REMEMBER: i² = -1

Multiply
1) 3i 4i 12i 12( 1)  12
2

2) 7i 
2 2 2
7 i 49( 1)  49
You try…
3)
 7i 12i  84i  84( 1)
2

84
4)  11i   11 i  121( 1)
2 2 2

 121
Multiply
5) 4  3i 7  2i 
2
28 8i 21i 6i
2
28  29i  6i
28  29i  6( 1)
28  29i  6
22  29i
You try…
6) 2  i 3  10i  2
6  20i  3i  10i
2
6  17i  10i
6  17i  10 1
6  17i  10
16  17i
You try…
7)
5  7i 5  7i 
25 35i 35i  49i 2

25  49( 1)
25  49
74
Conjugate
-The conjugate of a + bi is a – bi

-The conjugate of a – bi is a + bi
Find the conjugate of each
number…
8) 3  4i 3  4i

9)  4  7i  4  7i
10) 5i  5i
11)6 6
Because 6  0i is the same as 6  0i
12)
Divide…
 5  9i 1  i  5  5i  9i  9i 2
 2
1 i 1 i 1i  i  i
 14  4i  14  4i

1 i 2 
2
 7  2i
You try…
13)
2  3i 3  5i 6  10i  9i  15i 2
 2
3  5i 3  5i 9  15i  15i  25i
 9  19i  9  19i
 2 
9  25i 34
Ex: Solve x + 6x +10 = 0
2 1s
2 2 t
 b  b  4ac  6  6  4 110
x 
2a 2 1
a=  6  36  4 110  6  236
nd
 40
 
b= 2 1 2
c=
 6   4  6 2i   6  2i and  6  2i
 
2 2 2 2
 3  i and  3  i

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