KNOW SAFETY | NO ACCIDENTS
NO SAFETY | KNOW ACCIDENTS
Construction Safety
Presented By : Sankha Bhattacharya
Causes of Accidents :
Direct Cause:
Unsafe Work Practice or Unsafe Act
Unsafe Physical Condition
Combination of Both
Construction Safety
Causes of Accidents :
Indirect Cause:
Lack of Knowledge and Skill
Physiological Unsuitability
Psychological Unsuitability
Construction Safety
Preventive Techniques :
Administrative Technique
Safety Policy Safety Education & Training Selection & Placement Safety Meeting Safety Promotional Activities Safety Committee Motivation, Persuasion & Appeal Disciplinary Action
Construction Safety
Preventive Techniques :
Engineering Technique
Safe Designing Safe Construction Improved Physical Work Arrangements Isolation and/or enclosure to dangerous operations/processes Substitution of more hazardous material by less hazardous material Controlled operations and process
Construction Safety
Presentation Contents :
Introduction A Few facts Construction Accidents Safe Access On-Site Working at Height Ladder Safety Roof Safety Excavation Work Crane Safety Traffic vehicles & Plant Goods Hoist Electricity Working Near Sewage PPE Safety Success
Construction Safety
A FEW FACTS :
The first week on each new site is the most dangerous Accidents are more frequent at the end of the day Small building jobs are the most risky Safety helmets, Hi-viz jackets, safety boots do prevent injury and death Light weight shoes-such as trainers or runners are not suitable on site
Construction Safety
Construction Accidents :
Breakdown of fatalities according to type of accident in construction industry
56% falls from height 21% trapped by something collapsing or overturning 10% struck by a moving vehicle 5% contact with electricity or electrical discharge 4% struck by a flying/falling object during machine lifting of materials 3% contact with moving machinery or material being machined 1% exposure to a hot or harmful substance
Construction Safety
Safe Access On Site :
Everyone can get to their place of work safely Edges from which people could fall are provided with double guard rails or other suitable edge protection Holes are protected with clearly marked and fixed covers to prevent falls Site is tidy Good lighting Fenced off from public
Construction Safety
Working at Height :
Height HAZARDS on Construction Sites Cut-outs in floors, gaps on working platforms, Shafts and stairwells not adequately covered, barricaded, fenced off, open floor edges
Using ladders or scaffolding without proper fixing is crazy Never use incomplete scaffolding. Make sure there are hand rails and toe boards at all edges Things fall on sites, wear your helmet Before starting work at heights check for clearance from any overhead power lines Always use fall arrestors & harnesses at the time of work at height
Construction Safety
LETHAL LADDERS :
Ladders kill a lot of people Make sure the ladder is:
Right for the job. Would scaffolding be better? In good shape Secured near the top On a firm base and footing 4 up 1 out Rising at least 1 meter beyond the landing place or that there is a proper hand hold Always have a firm grip on the ladder and keep a good balance
Construction Safety
Safe Ladders :
Never allow more than one person on a ladder Use tool belts or hand lines to carry objects. Do not lean out from the ladder in any direction If you have a fear of heights dont climb a ladder Do not allow others to work under a ladder in use
Construction Safety
THE ROOF : A RISKY PLACE TO BE . . .
Very Simply :
Always inspect a roof before you walk on it You must have protection to stop you from falling off the edge You must use proper safety harnesses and running cables when working on top of a roof Remember: a walk along a fragile roof could be your last
50% of fatal injuries involving roofs are falls thru fragile materials, 30% are falls from edges and openings
Construction Safety
EXCAVATION WORK
If you want to avoid accidents apply these rules:
All excavations deeper than 1.25meters MUST be shored or battered. Excavations deeper than 2 meters MUST have a guard rail or barrier on their wall edges Do not allow heavy vehicles near to the trench edges (barricade by 3mts. Distance from the edge)
Construction Safety
EXCAVATION WORK :
Make sure the excavation is inspected daily Make sure you know where any underground pipes and cables are before you hit them REMEMBER: There is no safe ground that will Not collapse Trench sides can collapse without any warning
Construction Safety
CRANE SAFETY :
Very Simply :
The weight of the load must be carefully estimated The crane must be fitted with an automatic safe load indicator (one that works) The crane must always work on a hard, level base The load must be properly fixed and secured The banksman must be trained to give clear signals NEVER, NEVER be carried with a load
Construction Safety
Traffic Vehicles & Plant :
Vehicles and pedestrians should be kept apart on-site separate them as much as possible using barriers Adequate clearance around slewing vehicles Avoid reversing where possible & use one-way system Vehicles should have reversing alarms/sirens Passengers only on vehicles designed to carry them
Construction Safety
Good Safety Practice
Hoists :
Installed by a competent person Rated capacity clearly marked Current examination and inspection report Suitable base enclosure to prevent people being struck by moving part of hoist Landing gates kept shut except when platform is at landing
Construction Safety
ELECTRICITY :
Good practice with electricity on site :
Treat electricity with respect Always use proper Circuit Breakers for any live connections Check constantly that cables are not damaged or worn Keep trailing cables off the ground and away from water Never overload or use makeshift plugs and fuses
Construction Safety
PPE on-site :
In any construction sites minimum requirements are : Hard hat Safety Boots Hi-viz jacket Safety Glasses Wear them always for your safety
Construction Safety
The Fire Triangle :
Fire Safety, at its most basic, is based upon the principle of keeping fuel sources and ignition sources separate.
Construction Safety
The Fire :
Three things must be present at the same time to produce fire:
Enough OXYGEN to sustain combustion +
Enough HEAT to reach ignition temperature + Some FUEL or combustible material =
Together, they produce the CHEMICAL REACTION ,
that is FIRE Take away any one of these things and the fire will be
Extinguished
Construction Safety
Fuel Classifications :
Class
A: Combustible Solids-Wood, paper, cloth, trash, plasticssolids that are not metals.
Class
B: Flammable liquidsgasoline, acetone, oil, grease, petrol, etc.
Class
C: Flammable Gases-LPG, CNG, Acetylene & Energized electrical equipments, as long as its plugged in.
Class
D: Metalspotassium, sodium, aluminium, magnesium. Requires Special Dry Powder and other special extinguishing agents.
Construction Safety
Types of Fire Extinguishers :
Different
types of fire extinguishers are designed to fight different classes of fire.
The
4 most common types of fire extinguishers are: - For A Class For A & B Class For B & C Class
1. Water (W/Co2) 2. Mechanical Foam (AFFF) 3. Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
4. Dry Chemical (ABC) Dry Chemical (BC)
For A, B & C Class For B & C Class
Construction Safety
How to Use a Fire Extinguisher :
Its
easy to remember how to use a fire extinguisher if you remember the acronym PASS:
Pull Aim Squeeze Sweep
Construction Safety
How to Use a Fire Extinguisher :
Pull
the pin or safety clip
This will allow you to discharge the extinguisher
Construction Safety
How to Use a Fire Extinguisher :
Aim
at the base of the fire
Hit the fuel.
If you aim at the flames...
the extinguishing agent will fly right through and do no good.
Construction Safety
How to Use a Fire Extinguisher :
Squeeze,
handle
rotate or hit the top of the
This depresses a pin that releases the pressurized extinguishing agent.
Construction Safety
How to Use a Fire Extinguisher :
Sweep
from side to side
.. until the fire is completely out.
Start using the extinguisher from a safe distance away, then slowly move forward. Once the fire is out, keep an eye on the area in case it re-ignites.
Construction Safety
BASIC SAFETY PHILOSOPHY FOR SUCCESS : A New Safety Culture
All accidents are preventable. No job is worth getting hurt for. Every job will be done safely. Incidents can be managed. Safety is everyones responsibility. Continuous improvement. Safety as a way of life for 24 hours/day All individuals have the responsibility and accountability to identify eliminate or manage risks associated with their workplace Legal obligations will be the minimum requirements fro our health & safety standards Individual will be trained and equipped to have the skills and facilities to ensure an accident free workplace
Construction Safety
CONCLUSION :
No job is so important that it cannot be done SAFELY
SAFETY FIRST
Construction Safety
