INTRODUCTION
• A permanent magnet synchronous motor is also
called as brushless permanent magnet sine wave motor. A
sine wave motor has a
1. Sinusoidal or quasi-sinusoidal distribution of magnetic flux
in the air gap.
2. Sinusoidal or quasi-sinusoidal current wave forms.
3. Quasi-sinusoidal distribution of stator conductors (i.e.)
short-pitched and distributed or concentric stator windings.
• The various methods of control of PMSM are discussed in
this presentation
Types of control of PMSM
• Vector control
• Self control
• Micro processor control
Vector control
Electromagnetic torque in any electrical machine is
developed due to the interaction of current carrying armature
conductors with the air gap flux. Consider a two machine
whose armature conductor currents and air gap flux are as
shown in fig.
Here the flux is in quadrature with the armature mmf axis.
Quadrature position of air Non- Quadrature position of air gap
flux and armature mmf axis. gap flux and armature mmf axis.
Each and every armature conductor experiences a force which
contributes the torque.
The torque contributed by various armature conductors have the
same direction even through their magnitude may vary.
It is observed that the steady state and dynamic (behaviours)
performance of a most of such an arrangement are better.
Consider a second case wherein the armature conductor current
distribution and air gap flux distribution are as shown in above fig. In this
case the angle between the axis of the air gap flux and the armature mmf
axis is different from 90° elec.
In this case also each and every armature conductor
experiences a force and contributes to the torque.
But in this case the direction of the torque experienced by the
conductors is not the same. Since conduction develops torque in one
direction while the others develop in the opposite direction.
As a result, the resultant torque gets reduced; consequently it
is observed that both the steady state and dynamic performance of such a
motor is poorer.
principle of Field Oriented Control (FOC)/ Vector
Control
BLPM SNW motor is usually employed for variable speed
applications. For this we keep V/f constant and vary V and f to
get the desired speed and torque.
From the theory of BLPM SNW motor it is known that as
the speed is varied from a very low value up to the corner
frequency, the desired operating point of current is such that Id
=0 and I is along the q-axis.
Such a condition can be achieved by suitably
controlling the voltage by PWM technique after adjusting the
frequency to a desired value.
When the frequency is more than the corner frequency it
is not possible to make Id =0, due to the voltage constraints. In
such a case a better operating point for current is obtained with
minimum Id value after satisfying the voltage constraints.
Controlling BLPM SNW motor taking into consideration
the above mentioned aspects is known as vector Control of
BLPM SNW motor.
Schematic diagram of vector control
The schematic block diagram of vector control is as shown in figure
Knowing the value of the desired torque and speed and also the parameters
and the voltage to which the motor is subjected to, it is possible to complete
the values of id .ref and iq .ref for the desired dynamic and steady state
performance.
SELF CONTROL OF PMSM
• Self-control ensures that for all operating points
the armature and rotor fields move exactly at the same
speed.
• The torque angle is adjusted electronically hence
there is an additional controllable parameter passing
greater control of the motor behaviour by changing the
firing of the semi-conductor switches of an inverter.
• The torque angle is said electronically hence the
fundamental component of phase A needs Φf/β, it lies
along the direct axis that rotates at a synchronous speed.
• The switches must be triggered by phase A current
component when Φf axis is β electrical degrees behind
the phase A axis.
• This is achieved by firing the switch when direct axis
is δ+β behind axis of A
MICROPROCESSOR BASED CONTROL OF PMSM
The advent of microprocessor has raised interest in digital
control of power converter systems and electronics motor drives
since the microprocessor provides a flexible and low cost alternative
to the conventional method.
• The main functions of the microprocessor are
monitoring and control of the system variables for the
purpose of obtaining desired drive features.
• It can also perform various auxiliary tasks such as
protection, diagnosis and display.
• In normal operation, commands are fetched from
the input-output terminals, and system variables (the
dc link current, the rotor position and speed) are
sensed and fed to the CPU.
• After processing, the microprocessor issues control
signal to the input rectifier, then the machine inverter, so
as to provide the programme
REFERENCES
[Link] Books / Web Sources
1. [Link], ‘Special Electrical Machines’, Universities Press (India) Private Limited, 2008
2. T.J.E. Miller, ‘Brushless Permanent Magnet and Reluctance Motor Drives’, Clarendon Press,Oxford, 1989.
3. T. Kenjo, ‘Stepping Motors and Their Microprocessor Controls’, Clarendon Press London, 1984.
[Link], ‘Switched Reluctance Motor Drives – Modeling, Simulation, Analysis, Design andApplication’, CRC
4. Press, New York, 2001.
5. P.P. Aearnley, ‘Stepping Motors – A Guide to Motor Theory and Practice’, Peter Perengrinus ,London, 1982.
6. T. Kenjo and S. Nagamori, ‘Permanent Magnet and Brushless DC Motors’, Clarendon Press, London, 1988.
7. [Link], “Special Electrical Machines,” Anuradha Publications, 2017.
8. Google and Wikipedia