Tooth development

[Link]. Maja Lenartić

Primary epithelial
band formation
• 37th day of gestation
• Horseshoe shaped continuous
bands of odontogenic
epithelium formed along
presumptive upper/lower jaw
Epithelium
thickening
• Epithelium thickening:
• Increased proliferative activity
• Change in orientation of the mitotic
spindle
• Change of cleavage plane of dividing cells
• Ingrowth into the underlying mesenchyme
(NC cells) ECTOMESENCHYME
Two laminas
• Dental lamina formed first
• Vestibular lamina formed
shortly after
• Key initiation of tooth
developement formation –
LOCALIZED thickening of
dental placodes
Dental
lamina
Three stages of tooth
Dental lamina goes
development
through a series of
throughout which
epithelial outgrowths
morphogenesis and
into the
histodifferentiation
ectomesenchyme

Vestibular
occur

lamina
Abundancy of
Vestibule or sulcus is proliferated cells into
only made after w6 the mesenchyme
rapidly enlarge and
then degenerate
Initiation of the
Tooth
• Odontogenic potential
(instructive information)
resides in oral epithelium till
day 12
• Odontogenic potential is taken
over by the ectomesenchyme
• It can elicit tooth formation in
combination with other than
stomodeum epithelium
Patterning of
the dentition
• Determination of crown pattern
• Homodonts
• Heterodonts
• (mammals; incisiform,
caniniform and molariform)
Bud stage

• First epithelial incursion

into the ectomesenchyme
of the jaw
• Ectomesenchyme beneath
ingrowing epihtelium is
condensing
Bud-to-Cap
transition

• Onset of morphological
differences that give rise to
different types of teeth
• Flattened internal portion
and mesenchymal
condensation densifies
Cap stage

• Tooth grows – drags

part of dental lamina –
lateral lamina
extension
• Cap sitting on a ball
(called either dental
organ, or enamel
organ- more correct)
Cap stage

• Dental papilla – ball of

condensed
ectomesenchymal cells
• Surrounding
encapsulating the
enamel organ- dental
follicle or sac
 Enamel
organ+dental
papilla+dental sac
• Late cap stage – most important
changes happen
• Histodifferentiation
• Epithelial cells transform
morphologiccally and functionally
into distinct components
• 1. Central stellate reticulum
cells (GAG production)
• 2. outer more flattened
cuboidal cells
a BM
• 3. inner more cuboidal to
cylindrical (columnar) cells
 • Transient signaling
centers:
Enamel • 1. initiation knots in the dental
placode- initiate budding
knot and • 2. primary and secondary
cord enamel knots (organizational
center) that initiate bud-to-cap
transition

Enamel knot emerging connected with crown pattern formation (cu

Bell stage

• Undersurface of the
epithelial cap deepens –
bell
• Morphodifferentiation
has been established by
knots
• Ameloblasts and
odontoblasts will be
histodifferentiated
• Formation of crown –
morphodifferentiation
• Stratum intermedium
(alkaline phosphatase)
 Histodifferentiation
• Periphery of the enamel organ: low
cuboidal shape (outer enamel
epithelium)
• Cells bordering dental papilla – short
columnar shape with high glycogen
content (inner enamel epithelium)
• Inner and outern epithelia are
continuous
• The region where inner and outer
meetzone of reflexion / cervical
loop
• Condensation of cells on top of inner
enamel epithelium Stratum
intermedium (high activity of alkaline
phosphatase) – synergy with IEE
Breakdown of parts:
1. OEE – cuboidal with little
cytoplasm (free ribosomes,
rER, few mitochondria, few
tonofilaments, desmosomes
2. Star-shaped cells of stellate
reticulum . Bridge cells across
which all other types are
conneted
3. IEE- centrally placed
nucleus and cytoplasm with
free ribosomes, few
tonofilaments, porr Golgi
toweards stratum
intermedium, high glycogen
4. Basal lamina with mass of
aperiodic fibrils in acellular
zone (lamina fibroreticularis)
5. Dental papilla cells with
scattered collagen fibrils in
ECM
5. Extension of dental papilla
around the rim – [Link]
Dental lamina
breakup
• Dental and lateral lamina
fragmentation  discrete
clusters of epithelial cells
– epithelial pearls of
Serres
• Normally degrade, may
cause eruption cysts
(delay)
• Tooth eruption is unique
event of a natural break in
the epithelium
Crown
formation
• Differential rates of mitotic
division within the IEE
• At the site of enamel knots,
division ceases and enamel
production begins – future
cusp
• Proliferation continues on
aalteral sides of enamel
organ, elongation of cervical
loop, thinning of distance
between IEE and OEE
• Differentiation a bit
postponed at the slopes of
EO Blood supply from dental follicle
Innervation – sensory for futue periodontal ligament and pulp
 • From the deepest extremity of dental lamina  another
Formation of the tooth bud (permanent teeth) on the lingual aspect of
the deciduous tooth germ
Permanent • Remains dormant for some time

Dentition • Molars develop from backward extension of dental

lamina which burrowed posteriorly beneath the lining
epithelium of the oral mucosa

Primary dentition
initiation w6-8 in utero
Successional permanent
teeth w20-10m after birth
Permanent molars w20 in
utero – 5 years of age
Hard tissue
histodifferentiation
• Mitotic activity ceases at the future cusp tips,
short columnar cells elongate and reverse
polarity
• Nuclei move apically, Golgi moves toward BM
• Embryonic base become the functional apex
• Embryonic apex becomes the functional base

• Ectomesenchymal cells enlarge and

differentiate into odontoblasts (elimination of
acellular zone)
IEE – inductive/instructive for odontoblasts
First enamel proteins not forming a layer- inducive for dentin matrix secretion (mantle den
 Root formation
• Once crown formation is
formed IEE and OEE form
cervical loop – double layer
of cells known as Hertwig’s
epithelial root sheath
• Extends to enclose between
dental pulp and follicle (all
but the tip- primary apical
foramen)
 Root sheath
disintegration
• Root sheath extending from
the cervical loop to the apical
foramen later on
disintegrates
• Remains intact at the
advancing root edge
• Fragmented root sheath –
epithelial cell rests of
Malassez (in adults sometimes
as cysts in periodontal
ligament)
Tooth eruption
Tooth development occurs within the bone of
the developing jaw in bony crypts
Eruption of toothe in axial direction after
formation of root (to reach occlusal surface in
plane)
At eruption, tooth is still covered with
ameloblasts (and enamel organ remnants)
reduced enamel epithelium
Bone over is resorbed, CT broken down
Reduced enamel epithelium and oral
epithelium fuse (central portion degenerates)
Piercing of the oral epitheliium- dentogingival
junction formation
• The dentogingival junction
forms from epithelial cells of
the oral epithelium and the
reduced enamel epithelium
Formation of
supporting
tissues
• Ectomesenchymal cells of the
dental follicle penetrate
between the epithelial
fenestrations and become
apposed to the newly formed
dentin of the root
• They differentiate into
cementoblasts
• Or maybe Hertwig’s epithelial
rooth sheath transformation?
• Mineralized matrix in which
collagen fiber bundles of
periodontal ligamesnt are
anchored
Practical work SLP16
Cap stage Deposition
Bell stage
(aposition)

[Link]

[Link]
Tooth development- early phase – Cap stage
Histological slide: Tooth (HE, 40x)

1 – oral epithelium
2 - sacculus dentis
3 – outern enamel epithelium OEE
4 - reticulum stellatum
5 – inner enamel epithelium IEE
6 - preodontoblasts
7 - papilla dentis
8 – alveolar bone
Tooth development – early phase (cap stage)
Histological slide: Tooth (HE, 40x)

1 – oral epithelium
2 - lamina dentalis
3 – enamel organ
4 - papilla dentis
 Tooth development – early phase – Cap stage
Histological slide: Tooth (HE, 100x)
Slide No. 18

1 - lamina dentalis
2 – successional lamina for permanent teeth
3 - OEE
4 - reticulum stellatum
5 - stratum intermedium
6 - IEE
7 - papilla dentis – future preodontoblasts
8 - papilla dentis – future dental pulp
9 - sacculus dentis
10 – oral epithelium (stratified squamous epithelium)
 Tooth development – early phase – Cap stage
Histological slide: Tooth (HE, 100x)

2 – dental sac (follicle)

3 – OEE (outern enamel epithelium)
4 – stellate reticulum
5 – IEE (inner enamel epithelium)
6 – dental papilla cells – future odontoblasts
7 - dental papilla cells – future dental pulp
Tooth development – late phase – Bell stage
Histological slide: Tooth (HE, 40x)

1 – oral epithelium
2 - lamina dentalis
3 - sacculus dentis
4 - OEE
5 - reticulum stellatum
6 - ameloblasts (adamantoblasts)
7 - enamel
8 - dentin
9 - predentin
10 - odontoblasts
11 - papilla dentis (dental pulp)
12 - cappilary
 Tooth development – late phase – Bell stage
Histological slide: Tooth (HE, 100x)

1 - stratum intermedium
2 - ameloblasts (adamantoblasts)
3 - enamel
4 - dentin
5 - predentin
6 - odontoblasts
7 - papilla dentis
8 - reticulum stellatum
9 - OEE
Tooth development – late phase (Bell
stage) - pulpa dentis
Histological slide: Tooth (HE, 40x)

1 - OEE
2 - reticulum stellatum
3 - IEE
4 – Hertwigov’s epithelial rooth sheath
5 - papilla dentis
6 – blood capillary
7 - sacculus dentis
8 – alveolar bone
Tooth development – late phase (Bell
stage) – Hetrwig’s epithelial root sheath
Histological slide: Tooth (HE, 100x)

1 - papilla dentis
2 – Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath
3 - reticulum stellatum
4 - sacculus dentis
5 – blood capillary
6 – alveolar bone
Tooth development – late phase – Bell stage
Histological slide: Tooth (HE, 40x)

1 – oral epithelium
3 – dental sac
4 – OEE
5 – stellate reticulum
6 – IEE (ameloblasts)
7 – enamel
8 – dentin
9 – predentin
10 – odontoblasts
11 – dental pulp
12- capillary