BARYCENTER
LEVEL: 1ST YEAR EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCES ENGLISH
By : alae
amsaadi
Walid jarid
Jihad
1bacsea1
Ennahachi
1. BARYCENTER OF TWO WEIGHTED
POINTS:
[Link] weighted points — the barycenter of two
weighted points:
Activity:
Let A and B be two points in the plane (P) such that I is the midpoint of [A, B],
and G is a point in the plane (P).
1. Determine G in (P) such that: GA + GB = 0
2. Construct G such that: GA + 2GB = 0
3. How many points G exist such that: 2GA – 3GB = 0
4. Does there exist a point G such that: 3GA – 3GB = 0?
B. VOCABULARY:
• In the equation aGA + bGB = 0,
• The number a is called the weight of point A, meaning point A is
assigned the coefficient a.
• The pair (A, a) is called a weighted point.
• The set S = {(A, a), (B, b)} is called a weighted system.
• In the case where a + b ≠ 0, the point G is called the
barycenter of the weighted system S.
• If a = b and a ≠ 0, the point G is called the isobarycenter of A
and B, or the center of gravity of [A, B].
C. DEFINITION AND THEOREM:
○Let (A, a) and (B, b) be two weighted points of the plane (P),
such that A ≠ B and a, b are real numbers.
• If a + b ≠ 0, then there exists a unique point G in (P) such
that:
aGA + bGB = 0
• The point G is called the barycenter of the weighted systemS
= {(A, a), (B, b)}(or the barycenter of the weighted points (A,
a) and (B, b)).
D. PROOF:
We have:
(aGA + bGB = 0 and a + b ≠ 0)⇔ (aGA + bGA + bAB = 0 and a + b ≠ 0)
⇔ ((a + b)AG = bAB and a + b ≠ 0)
⇔ (AG = (b / (a + b)) AB and a + b ≠ 0)
Since A and B are two given points of the plane (P), the vector AB is
unique, and so is the number . Thus, the point G is unique
because : AG
Conclusion:
G is unique such that a + b ≠ 0 and aGA + bGB = 0.
B. PROPERTIES OF THE BARYCENTER
OF TWO WEIGHTED POINTS:
[Link]:
• Activity:
Let point G be the barycenter of the weighted system S = {(A,
a), (B, b)}.
1. Determine G′ in the plane (P), the barycenter of the
weighted system {(A, ka), (B, kb)}.
2. Is there a condition on the real number ? State the theorem.
B. THEOREM:
If G is the barycenter of the weighted system S=[(A,a) (B,b)],
then for any K of |R*, we also have G is the barycenter of the
weighted system [(A,ka) (B,kb)]
• The barycenter of two weighted points does not change if we
multiply their weights (or coefficients) by the same non-zero
real number.
2. CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTY
[Link]:
• Let point G be the barycenter of the system S=[(A,a)(B,b)],
and let M be a point in the plane (P) .
1. Write the expression(1): in terms of
2. Complete the equivalence(1)
3. 3. Suppose M=A and M=B in relation (1). What can be
deduced?
B. CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTY
(THEOREM):
G is the barycenter of the weighted system S=[(A,a),(B,b)] if
and only if : (a+b≠0) and
The Points A, B and C are aligned and:
c. Construction of , Barycenter of the
System
Method 1: we Divide segment [AB] into |a+b| equal [Link] segment
has a length
If is positive, the point G is located at a distance|b|×d (or we take
segment b) at the same direction from A toward B.
If. Is negative, the point G is located at a distance|b|×d
(or we take segment b) at the oposite direction from A toward
B.
if. So
If . So and. . If so. and
Example 1 :[(A,-10) (B,2)] Exemple 2: [(A, -2),(B,6)]
Exemple [(A, -2),(B,6)] 2),(B,6)]
2. PARALLELOGRAM METHOD:
• Choose a point M such that (outside the line(AB) ).
• Construct two points A` and B` such that: and
then :
, i.e. [MA] is a diagonal of the parallelogram
A`MB`C
From the characteristic property:
From (1) and (2), we get:
From (3) and (4):
Since A , B , and G are also aligned So :
So : Therefore
Exemple: (A,4) and (B,3)
3. APPLICATION:
a. Determine the set of points M in the plane (p) such that:
b. Determine the set of points M in the plane (P) such that:
Solution:
[Link] the set of points:
Let G be the barycenter of [(A,2)(B,4)] From the characteristic
property:
Characteristic we obtain :
So, the set of points M in plane (p) is the circle C (G,2)
b. Find the set of points:
Let be the barycenter of [(A,2)(B,4)] , and G` be the
barycenter of [(A,4)(B,2)]
Using the characteristic property:
Conclusion:The set of points M in plane (p) is the
perpendicular bisector of [GG`] segment
3. Coordinates of point G (barycenter of
S= [(A,a)(B,b)[
a. Activity:
The plane (p) is referred to the coordinate system such
that: ,, and. . are points in (p(
1. Give the coordinates of the vectors and
2. Write the vector. in terms of. . And
3. Deduce the coordinates G in terms of the coordinates of A
and B
B. PROPERTY:
II. BARYCENTER OF THREE WEIGHTED
POINTS
a. Barycenter of three weighted points:
Activity:
B. DEFINITION AND THEOREM:
C. REMARK:
We obtain And And
Or
C. PROPERTY OF THE BARYCENTER
OF TWO WEIGHTED POINTS:
[Link]:
B. CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTY:
03. Associativity of the Barycenter or
Partial Barycenter:
a. Theorem:
B. PROOF:
We determine that: G is the
barycenter of
So G is the barycenter of [(C,c),(G²,
A+b)]
[Link]:
A’ is the midpoint of [Bc] so A’ is the barycenter of [(c,1);(B,1)].
Which means that G [(A’,2),(A,1)]
so :
G is the barycenter of [(C,3);(B,-2);(A,-
2)]
we consider G² is the barycenter of [(A,-2);(B,-2)] so G² is the
midpoint of [AB]
Which means G is the barycenter of [(C,3),(G²,-4)] so
6. COORDINATES OF THE
BARYCENTER G OF THE SYSTEM:
And G (x_g, y_g)
The Point G barycenter of
We have
3. BARYCENTER OF FOUR WEIGHTED
A.
POINTS
definition and the theorem:
If (A,a) , (B,b), (C,c) and (D,d) four weighted
points of the plane (p), such that a and b and c
and d of R
• If a+b+c+d≠0
System [(A,a),(B,b) , (C,c) ,
(D,d)
If a=b=c=d≠0 the point G called isobarycenter of the
point A ,B,C and D the gravity of the quadrilateral ABCD
REAL-LIFE APPLICATIONS OF THE
BARYCENTER (CENTER OF MASS)