Mechanical Engineering

School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering

Mekelle Institute of Technology
Mekelle University

Course Title : CAD/CAM

Course Code : MaEng 6312

Credit hour : 3

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 Course Outline
Chapter 1
 Introduction to CAD/CAM
Chapter 2
 Geometric Modelling
Chapter 3
 Part Programming
Chapter 4
 Process Planning
Chapter 5
 Virtual manufacturing
Chapter 6
 Computer Integrated Manufacturing and
(CIM)Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS) 2
 Chapter 1

Introduction to CAD/CAM
 Definition of CAD/CAM
 Product Life Cycle and CAD/CAM
 CAD/CAM Hardware and Software
 Product Data Exchange
 Introduction to CNC machines
 Basic elements of CNC system
 Constructional features of CNC machines
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 Definition of CAD/CAM

 Computer-aided design (CAD) is the technology concerned

with the use of computer systems to assist in the creation,
modification, analysis, and optimization of a design.
 Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) is the technology
concerned with the use of computer systems to plan,
manage, and control manufacturing operations through
either direct or indirect computer interface with the plant’s
production resources.
 CAD/CAM is termed as Computer Aided Design
and Computer Aided Manufacturing: It is the
technology concerned with the use of computers to
perform design and manufacturing functions.
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Computer Aided Design

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 Reasons of using CAD System
Reasons for using CAD to support engineering design function
 To increase productivity of the designer
 Easily conceptualize the product and its components
 To improve the quality of the design
 More complete engineering analysis, large number and
variety of design alternatives thereby improve the
design quality
 To improve design documentation
 There is more standardization among the drawings,
fewer errors, and greater legibility
 To create a manufacturing data base
 The documentation for the product design provides
much of data base to manufacture the product.
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Computer Aided Manufacturing

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Product Life Cycle and CAD/CAM

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 Advantages of CAD/CAM systems
 Greater flexibility  Better product design
 Reduced lead times  Greater manufacturing
 Reduced inventories control
 Increased  Supported integration
Productivity  Reduced costs
 Improved customer  Increased utilization
service
 Reduction of machine
 Improved quality
tools
 Improved  Less floor space
communications
with suppliers

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 CAD/CAM Hardware and Software
The following are the main hardware and software components of
CAD/CAM: System unit, Central processing unit, Memory, Hard disk,
floppy disk, CD-ROM, External storage devices, Monitor, Printers and
plotters, Keyboard, Digitizer, puck and mouse

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 Product Data Exchange
 CAD data exchange is a modality of data
exchange used to translate data between
different Computer-aided design (CAD)
systems and also data sharing on
database.
 Many companies use different CAD
systems internally and exchange CAD
data with suppliers, customers and
subcontractors.
 Transfer of data is necessary so that, for
example, one organization can be
developing a CAD model, while another
performs analysis work on the same
model; at the same time a third
organization is responsible for
manufacturing the product. 11
Product Data Exchange

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 Data Exchange Formats & Protocols
IGES (Initial Graphics Exchange Format)
 The Initial Graphic Exchange Specification (IGES) format, is
the most used neutral format to transfer data between
heterogeneous CAD systems.
 Users can perform bi-directional data exchange between
dissimilar systems with direct and automated access to
IGES files.
DXF (Drawing eXchange Format)
DXF/DWG : DXF formats were developed by AutoDesk.
After creating drawings, designers can export data in
DXF/DWG formatted files and import the 2D geometric data
contained in a DXF/DWG file into other drawing tools.

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 Data Exchange Formats & Protocols

VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language)

 VRML represents the geometry as a series of triangular
facets.
 It can represents other aspects besides geometry, e.g.
colour.
 It is widely used for graphics visualization purposes.

STEP (STandard for Exchange of Product data)

 It supports geometry and assembly structures and
handles topology (shells, solids) on export and import.
 STEP files are human readable .
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 Introduction to NC
Numerical Control(NC) is a form of programmable
automation in which the mechanical actions of a machine
tool or other equipment are controlled by a program
containing coded instructions (alphanumeric data)

 These are coded in an appropriate format to define a

program of instruction
 The data represent relative positions between a work-
head (cutting tool) and a work-part (object being
processed).
The program of instructions can be changed to process a new
job.
 This makes NC suitable for low and medium
production.
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 Introduction to NC
 The NC system uses a fixed logical functions, that are
built-in and permanently wired within the control unit.
 These functions cannot be changed by the programmer or
the machine tool operator.
 NC system requires the use of punched tapes for input of
the program instructions.

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Introduction to NC

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Introduction to NC

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 Computer Numerical Control (CNC)
 CNC can be defined as an NC system whose MCU is based
on a dedicated microcomputer rather than on a hard-wired
controller.
Features of CNC
The additional features of CNC System include:
 Sufficient capacity to store of more than one part
program.
 Multiple data entry capabilities for various forms of
program input.
 Magnetic tape, diskette( flash disk), RS-232
communications, manual data input

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Computer Numerical Control (CNC)
 Program editing at the machine tool (testing and
correcting a program at the machine site).
 Positioning features for setup: facilitated alignment
task can be using certain features.
 Cutter length and size compensation.
 Acceleration and deceleration calculations.

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Basic elements of CNC and construction feature
CNC system architectures. A computer numerical control
(CNC) system consists of three basic components: CNC
software that is a program of instructions, a machine
control unit, and processing equipment, also called
machine tool.

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 Typical Utilization of CAD/CAM Systems in an Industrial Environment
Geometric modeling and graphics package
Process planning
Geometric modeling
of conceptual design CAPP package

Yes Are there

Is design evaluation No manufacturing
Possible with available discrepancies in CAD
Standard software? databases?
Design
package Yes
Develop customized No
Design testing
programs and
And evaluation packages NC NC
programming package

Programming
No Is final design package
Applicable? Machining

Yes
Inspection
Drafting Inspection
And Robotics
Assembly package
Documentation 22