Certificate in Early Childhood
Development (CECD)
Semester 1
ICC (Institutional Core
Course)
Taking education to the People
INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTER
Presented by: Ms Noah
Facilitator
Taking education to the People
nformation and Communication
Technology (ICT)
Define the term ICT:
It refers to all aspect of managing, communicatin
and processing information.
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What is a Computer?
Computer is an electronic device which is
capable of processing and store
data/information for future references.
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Impact of computers:
Employment
Access to information
Communication
Surveillance
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Different types of computer
Desktop Computer
Laptop
Mainframe
Minicomputer
Palmtop
Personal Computer
Server
Supercomputer
Wearable computers
Workstation
Tablet
All-in-one Computer
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Information Technology (IT)
Is the use of computers to store, retrieve,
transmit, and manipulate data or
information.
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Impact of computers on society:
Digital age;
Education
Business
Government
Communication
Medicine
Scientists
Graphic design
Entertainment
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Some vulnerabilities toward
the use of computer:
Computer Crime
Theft of Money
Theft of computers and computer
parts
Alteration or Destruction of data and
programmes
System disasters
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How technology can
improve:
Communication
Marketing
Productivity
Customer service
Telecommuting
Teleconference or Videoconferencing
Education and Technology
Social Interactions and Relationships and
Technology
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Two main concept of
computer
Hardware:
Physical component/part of the computer.
Software:
Code or set of instruction which the computer
needs to operate or function.
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Examples are:
Hardware Software
Monitor (screen) Operating system softwar
Keyboard Application program
Mouse software
System
unity/case/box
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Devices categories
Input Device Output Device
Keyboard
Mouse Monitor
Scanner
Trackpad/Touchpad Printer
Webcam (webcamera)
Microphone
Speaker
Barcode readers
Multimedia devices
Digital camera
Biometric scanner/reader
Input/output
Smart phone as input device Touch screen
USB Port
HDMI Port (High Definition
Multimedia Interface )
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Operating System Software
Is a fundamental program that runs the
computer.
E.g: Microsoft Windows XP, Windows 7,
Window 8
Linux: Ubuntu, CentOS, Fedora, Debian
UNIX
Macintosh (MAC) OS X
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Functions of Operating System
Managing computer resources
Managing files and memory
Maintaining security
Managing tasks
Providing a user interface for users to
communicate with the computer.
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Application Software
Is task-specific programmes.
E.g: Office productivity software
Communication Software
Social networking Software
Media application
Mobile application
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Main component of the
computer: Main parts of
a computer:
Impact on computer performance
Central Processing Unity (CPU)
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Catch memory- Alleviate the bottle neck
Storage
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Central Processing Unity (CPU)
Brain
Microprocessor / Processor executes instruction
Decision-making
Calculation
Determine the speed of the computer. clock
speed, Measure in:
o Megahertz(MHz)
o Gigahertz (GHz)
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Random Access Memory (RAM)
Main working memory
Read and write memory
Hold application software
Temporary memory
Volatile
Measured in Megabyte or Gigabyte
More RAM installed the faster the
computer can perfom.
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Define the term
Storage
Data storage, often called storage or
memory.
Examples are:
Internal and Externa Hard disk/drive
Memory card
USB/ flash disk
CD-R
CD-RW
DVD
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Memory
Two types of memory
RAM
ROM (Read Only Memory):
Permanent memory
Non- Volatile
Load Operating System
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Storage Capacity
Measurement
Byte:
Is term used when one is measuring the
data/information storage.
8 Bits – 1 Bytes
1024 Bytes – 1 KB
1024 KB – 1 MB
1024 MB – 1 GB
1024 GB – 1 TB
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End-User License
Agreement (EULA)
It is an agreement between the author of the
software and the user of the software.
Site licences agreement.
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Types of Software
Licenses
Proprietary License
Open Source License
Shareware/ Trial Version License
Freeware License
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Network
What is a Network?
A network is a formed where two of more
computer are connected to each other so that
they can share resources.
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Purpose of a Network
To share a single internet connection
To share back up devices
To access the same devices, such as
printer, scanner etc
To access same application and data
on different PCs
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Network Terminology
Server
Workstation/client
Gateway
Bandwidth
Hub
Router
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Internet
Is a global network of linked computer
networks to allows people worldwide to share
information and to communicate
electronically.
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Main uses of the
internet
Searching
E-Commence
Downloading
Send & Receiving Instant messaging
Study
Communication
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World wide Web
(WWW)
Website: Is a collection of web page and other
information such as images, sound and video
files.
Web pages: Is a single electronic document or
page on the World Wide Web
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Example of web
browsers
Internet explorer
Google chrome
Mozilla Firefox
Netscape
Browsing through the web is called “ surfing
the web”
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Voice over Internet Protocol
(VOIP)
Means making phone calls using internet
instead of a normal (landline) phone or cell
phone.
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Electronic Mail (E-Mail)
E-mail is a method of sending text, graphics,
etc.
Example of email programmes include:
Microsoft outlook
Windows Live Mail
Gmail
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Instant Messaging
Instant messaging is a form of real-time
communication between two or more people
mostly using typed text.
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Most IM programmes provide the following features:
Instant messaging
Chat
Web links
Video
Images
Sound
Files
Talk
Mobile capabilities
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Intranet
A private network owned by a company and
available to employees.
Purpose: Is to share company information
and computing resources among employees
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Virtual Private
Network (VPN)
The employees working in a remote locations
need a fast, secure and reliable way to share
information across computer networks.
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Data Transfer Rate
Refer to the speed at which digital data can be
transmitted from one device to another in a
given time.
Example: 1000 bit/s (bits per second)
1000 Kbits/s
1000 Mbits
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Downloading
Involve the receipt of a file copied from a
remote network location
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Uploading
Is involves sending a copy of a file from a
local system to a remote network location.
The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is the internet
facility for downloading and uploading files.
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Network Access
Options for Connection to the Internet:
Phone line:
Dial-Up Connection
Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)
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Network Access
continue.........
Options for Connection to the Internet:
Mobile Phone:
General Radio Packet Service (GPRS)
Enhance Data GSM Environment (EDGE)
Third Generation (3G) and High-Speed
Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)
Using a Mobile Phone as a Modem
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Network Access
continue.........
Options for Connection to the Internet:
Cable
Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)
WiMax
Satellite
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Internet Service
Provider (ISP)
Is a business or organisation that connects
users with the internet and related services
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When choosing an ISP there are
a few aspects to keep in mind:
Service type
Cost
Total cost
Quota
Download/uploading speed
E-mail
Additional service
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Recognise the Status of a
Wireless Network
View status of wireless network
Connect to s Wireless Network
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Security and Well-
Being
Protecting Data and Devices
Identity and data security ensures that data is
kept from corruption, with suitably controlled
access.
Username
Password
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Good Password Policies
To ensure that a password stays secure, take
the following into account:
Adequate length
Adequate character mix
Do not share and public place
Change passwords regularly
Easy guess and never reveal password
Found in a dictionary
Newsworthy
Similar and Do not write password down
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Good Password
Policies...Continues..
A username and password is only one way of
preventing data theft.
Securing the computer and additional
hardware by locking it using s cable and
padlock is recommended.
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Firewall
Is a device, hardware or software that guard
access to private network or computer,
keeping unauthorised or unwanted network
traffic out.
Purpose:
Is literally to guard that “gate” to ensure that
no untheorized or unwanted traffic enters.
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The purpose of backup
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Malware
Is short for malicious software. Is a general
term for any software which cause damage,
gather sensitive information or gain access to
a single computer network, server or
computer, without the user knowing it.
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Malware include:
Viruses: To damage hardware and software
Worms: E-mail, web server, network server
(spread through the network)
Trojan Horse: Annoying, changing desktop,
deleting files, destroying information in your
system
Spyware: Enter the PCs as software virus or
installing a new programme (for commercial
purpose)
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How malware can infect a
computer or device?
Not installing and regularly updating reputable
anti-virus
Opening an infected e-mail attachment
Copy files from USB flash drive or other
storage devices
Installing a free or shareware programme
Downloading infecting programmes or files
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Some symptoms of a Virus
Infection
Sudden change in how the computer is
running
File may disappears
Error message
Firewall alert you to an unknown programme
trying to access the internet.
Strange icon and new short cut appear
E-mail being sent without your knowledge
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How to protect a computer
against malware infection?
Install and register an anti-virus programme
Update anti-virus
Scan incoming and outgoing e-mail
Make a regular backups of the system
Do not open e-mail attachment from unknown
source
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Health and Green IT
Ensure the well-being of a user while using a
computer or device.
Ergonomic:
Is a study of workplace design and the
physical and psychological impact it has on
users and employees.
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Health and Green IT continue….
Take regular break
Good posture
Lighting
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Avoid Danger when working
with a computer
Cables
Do not overload the power
Replace damage plugs
Do not extend cable too far
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Golden rules when
working with computers
Use mouse pad
Keep the workplace clean and tidy
Clean the computer components on a regular
basis
Do not unplug peripheral device
Avoid food and spilling on component
Do not allow the computer to share electrical
socket with another large electrical appliance.
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What is E-Waste or E-Trash?
Electronic waste, is a term for electronic
products that have become unwanted, non-
working or obsolete, and have essentially
reached the end of their useful life.
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How to stop or limit E-
Waste
Recycle
Download software
Print less
Purchase recycled or recyclable product
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Accessibility
Enhancing option
Application that help user to cope with
difficulties of operating a computer or just to
make it easier to use a computer.
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Accessibility
Enhancing option
Type of application are:
Voice recognition software
Screen reader software
Screen magnifier
On screen keyboard
High contrast
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