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Satyagraha Movements in India

The First World War significantly impacted India's economy and politics, leading to increased defense spending, rising taxes, and soaring prices that caused hardship for the populace. Recruitment of soldiers from villages sparked anger, and subsequent crop failures and an influenza epidemic resulted in millions of deaths. In response, Gandhi organized three major satyagraha movements in Champaran, Kheda, and Ahmedabad to address injustices faced by workers and farmers.

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69 views5 pages

Satyagraha Movements in India

The First World War significantly impacted India's economy and politics, leading to increased defense spending, rising taxes, and soaring prices that caused hardship for the populace. Recruitment of soldiers from villages sparked anger, and subsequent crop failures and an influenza epidemic resulted in millions of deaths. In response, Gandhi organized three major satyagraha movements in Champaran, Kheda, and Ahmedabad to address injustices faced by workers and farmers.

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vitene8433
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How did the First World War created a new economic and political situation in

India?

• It led to a huge increase in defence expenditure which was


financed by war loans and increasing taxes: customs duties
were raised and income tax introduced.
• Through the war years prices increased – doubling between
1913 and 1918 – leading to extreme hardship for the
common people.
• Villages were called upon to supply soldiers, and the forced
recruitment in rural areas caused widespread anger.
• Then in 1918-19 and 1920-21, crops failed in many parts of
India, resulting in acute shortages of food. This was
accompanied by an influenza epidemic.
• According to the census of 1921, 12 to 13 million people
perished as a result of famines and the epidemic.
MEANING OF SATYAGRAH

•The idea of satyagraha emphasized the power of truth and the need to
search for truth.
•It suggested that if the cause was true, if the struggle was against
injustice, then physical force was not necessary to fight the oppressor.
•Without seeking vengeance or being aggressive, a satyagrahi could
win the battle through nonviolence.
FIRST THREE SATYAGRAHA MOVEMENTS
ORGANISED BY GANDHIJI IN INDIA

 Champaran Movement (1916): It was a


movement of workers in the indigo
plantations of the Champaran district of
Bihar. It was against the oppressive
plantation system.

 Kheda movement[1917]-Crop failure and


plague epidemic made the life of the farmers
miserable in the Kheda district of Gujarat. So,
they started a movement under Gandhiji’s
leadership with the demand for a reduction in
land revenue.

 Mill worker Movement(1918)- Low wages and


poor working conditions forced the mill
workers of Ahmedabad to start a movement
under Gandhiji’s leadership in 1918.

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