REHABILITATION AND

RECOVERY
 REHABILITATION

Rehabilitation can be defined as the process of helping individuals

return to a normal, healthy life after experiencing challenges such as
illness, injury, or incarceration. It involves restoring physical function,
cognitive abilities, and social participation to enhance quality of life
and independence.
 PSYCHIATRIC REHABILITATION

• Psychiatric rehabilitation can be defined as a specialized form of

treatment that helps individuals with mental health conditions

improve their functioning and quality of life by providing medical,

psychological, and social support to achieve their life goals.

 PSYCHIATRIC REHABILITATION

• Psychiatric rehabilitation is a combination of services incorporating

social, educational, occupational, behavioral, and cognitive
interventions aimed at long-term recovery and maximization of self-
sufficiency.
• Psychiatric rehabilitation grew out of a need to create opportunities
for people diagnosed with severe mental illness to live, learn, and
work in their own communities.
• Psychiatric rehabilitation uses a person-centered, people-to-people
approach that differs from the traditional medical model of care.
PURPOSE OF PSYCHIATRIC REHABILITATION
• Enabling them to develop the skills and access the resources needed
to live, work, learn, and participate in their communities successfully.
• Supporting their recovery and personal goals, rather than just
focusing on symptom reduction.
• Addressing impairments in daily functioning, social relationships,
vocational activities, and other life domains affected by mental illness
• Empowering individuals to manage their own recovery process and
achieve their personal goals, rather than just passively receiving
treatment
 PRINCIPLES OF REHABILITATION

• Primary focus is on improvement of capabilities and increase

in independency level .
• It focusses on ability to function rather than developing good
insight.
• Patient's active participation is very essential.
• Skill development, therapeutic environment are fundamental
interventions for a successful rehabilitation process.
 ADVANTAGES
• Enhances Self-Confidence: Rehabilitation helps individuals regain
independence and confidence, improving their mental wellbeing.
• Provides Greater Independence: Rehabilitation enables
individuals to perform daily activities with greater ease, reducing
dependence on others and improving mental wellbeing.
• Reduces Anxiety and Depression: Rehabilitation has been shown
to reduce anxiety and depression by improving physical function
and overall wellbeing.
 Cont…

• Improved Participation: Rehabilitation enables individuals to

participate in activities they enjoy, improving their quality of
life and overall wellbeing.
• In summary, rehabilitation offers numerous advantages,
including physical, psychological, lifestyle, and economic
benefits. It helps individuals regain strength,and
independence, reducing pain, improving mental wellbeing,
and enhancing overall quality of life
 EXCLUDED PATIENTS FOR DAY CARE
• Suicidal patients
• Patients on heavy medication are rarely suitable for day care.
• Patients who are so confused and disoriented that they cannot travel
easily
• The patient who lives alone in a socially isolated way and returns to
this unhelpful setting at weekends or in the evening is often
unsuitable for day care.
• Day care is rarely a satisfactory situation for the 'acting out' patient
whose behavior is hard to accept socially
 HALFWAY HOME

• It is the transition facility for mental patients who no longer need the full
services hospital but are not yet completely ready for an independent living.

• It is a transitional supervised residence assigned to help the patient after

discharge from in patient setting.

• It is temporary residence where various kinds of social skill training are given
to this patient: make readjustment to the social life and employment in the
community.
 AIMS
• To maintain a climate of health and develop and strengthen the
normal capacities and normal responsibilities and prepares them in
the normal living in the community.
• To alleviate the social isolation experienced by the mentally ill in
communities
• To improve the self concept
• Encourage to develop self image
• To improve self worth
 DURATION
• Minimum of one year to strengthen the gain achieved over a period
of time.

• This gives the sufficient time for them to adjust to the family and to
home environment.
 ACTIVITIES IN HALFWAY HOUSE
• Group counseling
• Recreational activities
• Home visiting
• Job placement
• Follow-up counseling
• Educational and vocational program
• Additional activities such as religious activities etc
• Social skill training
• Training in independent skills.
 COMMUNITY REHABILITATION

• It is a community-based program that promotes recovery, community

integration, and improved quality of life for members who have been
diagnosed with a behavioral health condition that significantly impairs
their ability to lead meaningful lives.
PROGRAMS OF COMMUNITY INTEGRATION

• Preventive Health
• Lifelong Learning Opportunities
• Social / Recreational Activities
 SHELTERED WORKSHOPS

• Sheltered workshop is work oriented rehabilitation facility with a

controlled working environment to fulfill individual's vocational
needs.
• In this workshop long term mentally ill patients can utilize their
experience and abilities by relearning.
• It helps in progress towards a normal living and economic
independence.
PSYCHIATRIC REHABILITATION APPROACHES

• a. Psychoeducation:
Includes diagnosing the problem, telling the person what to expect
regarding illness and discussing treatment alternatives.

• b. Working with families: Encouraging family members to get

involved in treatment and rehabilitation programs.
Cont.…

• c. Group therapy: Positive aspects of group therapy include an

opportunity for ongoing contact with others, validation of their
perceptions, sharing their views about problems and problem solving
abilities.

• d. Social skills training It involves teaching specific living skills that the
patient is expected to have in order to survive in the community.
 REHABILITATION TEAM

• Professionals contributing to psychiatric rehabilitation include,

psychiatrist, clinical psychologist, psychiatric social worker, psychiatric

nurse, occupational therapist, recreational therapist, counselor and

other mental health paraprofessionals.

 STEPS IN PSYCHIATRIC REHABILITATION

• Psychiatric rehabilitation begins with a comprehensive medical

psychiatric diagnosis and functional assessment.

• These are key elements in identifying impairments and disabilities.

 THE STEPS OF REHABILITATION INCLUDE

Reduction of impairments:
• Rehabilitation interventions with psychiatric patients require
reduction or elimination of the symptoms and cognitive impairments
that interfere with social and vocational performance.

• These impairments are reduced and eliminated for the greater part by
various psychotropic agents.
Cont.…

Remediation of disabilities through skill training:

• Skill training is used to remediate disabilities in social, family and

vocational functioning.

• Patients generally require training in self-care skills, interpersonal skills,

vocational and employment pursuits, recreational and leisure skills.

Cont.…

Remediation of handicaps:

• In addition to clinical rehabilitation interventions, the disabled

persons can be helped to overcome their handicaps through social
rehabilitation interventions, e.g. community support programs.
 TYPES OF REHABILITATION
• Social Rehabilitation:

The client has to feel a sense of responsibility and adapt healthy roles
and modifies the deviant behavior with normal behavior. The
preventive and curative measures will be adopted by the individual
client to lead satisfactory and useful life in social environment.
Opportunities have to be provided to the client to maintain and
reestablish social adequacy.
Ctd…
• Vocational Rehabilitation:

It is a process which enables persons with functional, psychological,

developmental cognitive, and emotional disabilities or impairments or

health disabilities to overcome barriers to accessing, maintaining, or

returning to employment or other useful occupation.

Ctd…
• Educational Rehabilitation:

Educating or giving training for a person with a psychiatric disorder in

specific areas is essential whereby the client meets the goals of
treatment and rehabilitation. For example, explaining the family about
client’s disease condition and its prognosis, treatment alternatives;
fears and myths associated with it; giving proper explanation and
reality goals
Ctd…
• Occupational Rehabilitation:

It will be carried out to achieve job oriented skills and pleasure seeking
activities, whereby the client can obtain independent way of living and
will try to overcome the problems related to illness.
ROLE OF A NURSE IN PSYCHIATRIC
REHABILITATION

• Rehabilitative psychiatric nursing must be studied in the context of

both the patient and social system.

• This requires the nurse to focus on three elements, the individual,

family and community.

Ctd…
• 1. Assessment of the Individual:

The nurse should assess the individual in the areas of symptoms

present, motivation, strengths, interpersonal skills, self-esteem,

activities of daily living and drug compliance.

Ctd…
• 2. Assessment of Family:
• Components of family assessment:
• Family structure including developmental stages, roles, responsibilities,
norms and values.
• Family attitudes towards the mentally ill member.
• Emotional climate of the family.
• Social support available to the family.
• Past family experiences with mental health services.
• The family's understanding of the patient's problems and the plan of care.
Ctd…
• 3. Assessment of Community

It includes assessment of community agencies that provide services to

people who have mental illnesses assessment of attitudes of the people

towards the mentally ill, etc.

BARRIER IN REHABILITATION
• Here are some barriers in rehabilitation with examples:
• 1. *Physical barriers*:
• - Inaccessible buildings or facilities (e.g., no ramps or elevators for people with mobility
impairments)
• - Lack of adaptive equipment or technology (e.g., no Braille or sign language interpreters)
• 2. *Social barriers*:
• - Stigma or discrimination (e.g., negative attitudes towards people with mental health conditions)
• - Lack of social support or isolation (e.g., no family or friends to provide emotional support)
• 3. *Economic barriers*:
• - High costs of treatment or rehabilitation services (e.g., expensive therapy sessions or medical
equipment)
• - Limited financial resources or insurance coverage (e.g., unable to afford medication or
transportation)
Ctd…
• 4. *Psychological barriers*:
• - Fear or anxiety about the rehabilitation process (e.g., fear of failure or
uncertainty about the future)
- Low self-esteem or self-doubt (e.g., feeling incapable of achieving
goals)
5. *Cultural barriers*:
- Language differences or limited English proficiency (e.g., difficulty
communicating with healthcare providers)
• - Cultural insensitivity or lack of understanding (e.g., healthcare
providers not familiar with cultural practices or beliefs)
 RECOVERY

• Recovery is the process in which people are able to live, work, learn,
and participate fully in their communities.
• Recovery is a journey of healing and change enabling a person with a
mental health problem to live a meaningful life in a community of his
or her choice while to achieve his or her full potential
 STRATEGIES IN RECOVERY
Here are some strategies in recovery:
1. *Acceptance*: Acknowledge your condition and the need for help.
2. *Self-awareness*: Understand your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
3. *Goal setting*: Set realistic goals and work towards them.
4. *Support systems*: Build a network of supportive people.
5. *Counseling*: Seek professional help and guidance.
6. *Self-care*: Take care of your physical, emotional, and mental well-
being.
7. *Mindfulness*: Practice mindfulness and presence.
Ctd…
8. *Relapse prevention*: Identify triggers and develop coping
strategies.
9. *Personal growth*: Engage in activities that promote personal
growth.
10. *Forgiveness*: Practice self-compassion and forgiveness.
11. *Communication*: Develop effective communication skills.
12. *Boundary setting*: Establish healthy boundaries.
Ctd…
• 13. *Self-advocacy*: Learn to advocate for yourself.
• 15. *Patience and persistence*: Recovery is a journey, and progress
may be slow.
• Remember, recovery is unique to each individual, and what works for
one person may not work for another. Be patient, kind, and
compassionate with yourself as you navigate your recovery journey.
Thank you