Digital Logic
Design
CHAPTER – III
Logic Gates
Addis Ababa Science and Technology University College
Engineering
Department of Electrical & computer Engineering
Lecturer: Biruk T.
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Logic Gates
● Are the building blocks of digital
● electronics.
The term gate is used to describe a
● circuit that performs a basic logic
operations.
● The fundamental logic gates include
the NOT, AND, OR, NAND,
NOR, X-OR, X-NOR gates.
Each of these gates performs a different
logical operations.
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The INVERTER
●
The inverter (NOT) performs the operation
called inversion or complementation.
●
The inverter changes one logic level to
the opposite level.
● In terms of bits, it changes a 1 to a 0 or a 0
to a 1.
=
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The AND
●
An AND gate can Gate
have two or more inputs and performs what
is know as logical multiplication.
● The output of AND gate is HIGH only when both inputs are
● HIGH.
The AND operation is usually shows with a dot between the
variables but it maybe implied (no dot). Thus, the AND
operations is written as X
= A.B or X = AB
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The OR Gate
●
An OR gate can have two or more inputsand
performs what is know as logical addition.
●
The output of OR gate will go HIGH if one or both
inputs go HIGH. The output goes LOW when both
● inputs are LOW.
The OR operation is shown with a plus sign (+)
between the variables. Thus, the OR operations is
written as X = A + B. 5
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The NAND Gate
Can be used as a universal logic gate.
Universal logic gates → can be used in combination
●
to perform the AND, OR and NOT
operations.
●
The term NAND is a contraction of NOT-AND and
implies an AND function with a complemented
(inverted) output.
●
Input _1=A, input_2=B, output= out
An NAND is inversion of AND gate :
●
out=,
The NAND operationis shown with a dot between
the variables and an Digital
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Logic Design by Biruk T them. 6
The NOR Gate
Can be used as a universal logic gate.
●
The term NOR is a contraction of NOT-OR and implies
●
an OR function with an inverted output.
●
The output goes LOW if one or more inputs are HIGH.
Output goes HIGH if both input are LOW.
●
The NOT operation is shown in a plus
(+) sign between the variablesand an overbar
covering them.
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Universal Gate - NAND
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Universal Gate - NOR
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The X-OR Gate
X-OR → Exclusive OR
●
X-OR are formedby a combinations of other
●
gates that are already discussed.
X-OR gates have only two inputs.
●
The output of XOR gate is HIGH only when the two
●
inputs are at opposite logic levels.
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The X-NOR Gate
X-NOR → Exclusive NOR
●
X-NOR are formed by a combinations
●
of other gates that are
already discussed.
●
X-NOR gates have only two inputs.
●
The output of XOR gate is LOW only when the two
inputs are at opposite logic levels.
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End of Chapter
III
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