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Ancient Rome: From Republic to Empire

Ancient Rome began as a settlement in central Italy founded by Romulus and Remus around 800 BC. The Romans established a republic around 500 BC that was ruled by a senate of wealthy patricians and two annually elected consuls. Over centuries of expansion, Rome's republic drove out the Etruscans, conquered the Italian peninsula, and defeated Carthage in the Punic Wars, growing into a massive empire that stretched from Hispania to Egypt. Unrest at home amid unequal distribution of wealth and land saw the rise of populists like the Gracchi brothers and the eventual decline of the republic. Julius Caesar's dictatorship and reforms laid the foundations for the Roman Empire, established under Augustus Caesar after

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50 views15 pages

Ancient Rome: From Republic to Empire

Ancient Rome began as a settlement in central Italy founded by Romulus and Remus around 800 BC. The Romans established a republic around 500 BC that was ruled by a senate of wealthy patricians and two annually elected consuls. Over centuries of expansion, Rome's republic drove out the Etruscans, conquered the Italian peninsula, and defeated Carthage in the Punic Wars, growing into a massive empire that stretched from Hispania to Egypt. Unrest at home amid unequal distribution of wealth and land saw the rise of populists like the Gracchi brothers and the eventual decline of the republic. Julius Caesar's dictatorship and reforms laid the foundations for the Roman Empire, established under Augustus Caesar after

Uploaded by

rathjenj
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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  • Beginnings
  • Establishing A Republic
  • Government Organization
  • Roman Society
  • Expansion
  • From Republic to Empire
  • Rome Grows Through Conquest
  • How Far Would They Go?
  • Impact at Home
  • Julius Caesar
  • Augustus Reigns
  • Section 3 Assignment

(what in the world?

ANCIENT ROME
Beginnings
• Located on Italian Peninsula in
Mediterranean Sea
• 800 BC, Latins (ancestors of Romans),
begin to settle, along with other groups
(Greeks, Etruscans)
• City of Seven Hills, Romulus and Remus
• Romans learned much from Etruscans
Establishing A Republic

• Romans drive out Etruscan Rulers


• ROMAN STATE IS FOUNDED
• Establish a republic or “that which belongs
to the people”
• Roman Republic lasts 500 years
Government
Organization
• Senate controlled/made laws
– 300 members (patricians – upper class)
– 2 consuls to control armies/supervise gov.
– In war, they might choose dictator
• PLEBEIANS (regular Joes) demand
more opportunity
– Gain Power/Elected tribunes who could veto.
– Roman Laws inscribed on 12 tablets
– Common People could now gain power
ROMAN SOCIETY
• Family was basic unit = father was head
– Women would eventually gain power
• Girls/boys from upper and lower class learn
to read an write
– All are educated
– Children learn major events in Roman history
• Numerous Gods/Goddesses
– Jupiter (like Zeus)
– Juno, Hera, Neptune, Mars
Expansion
• Armies expand Roman power
– Republic Grows
• Rome defeats it enemies
– Legions, military unit (5,000 men)
• TREAT enemies with respect
• Control much of Italian Peninsula
• Conquered lands remain loyal
5.2
(FROM REPUBLIC TO EMPIRE)
Rome Grows Through Conquest
• Conquest of Italian Peninsula by the
Romans results in contact/conflict over
control with Carthage in N. Africa =
– PUNIC WARS (b/w 264bc and 146bc)
• 1st = Roman Victory
• 2nd = Hannibal surprises Rome, but looses in end
• 3rd = Rome completely destroys Carthage
How far would they go?
• Imperialism = establishing control over
foreign lands and peoples
• Rome expanded in all directions
– To the East = lands that Alexander the Great
conquered
– By 133 BC, land stretched from Spain to
Egypt
Impact at Home
• $$$$$$, a new class of wealthy emerges
– Create huge estates, called LATIFUNDIA
– Small farmers cannot compete, move to city,
where the find no jobs, and riots ensue
– Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus attempt
reform, but were killed
“I Came, I Saw, I Conquered”
• Out of chaos comes Julius Caesar
– Dictator, expands Rome even more
– Reforms Rome b/w 48 – 44 bc
• Public works, public land
• Roman citizenship to more people, Calendar
• Enemies feard him being “King” – he is murdered –
Mark Antony, Octavian battle for power
Augustus Reigns
• Octavian defeats Antony and ally Cleopatra - is
given name Augustus, or “exalted one”
• Republic had ended, he (Augustus) had
absolute power, begins era of Pax Romana,
“Roman Peace” beginning in 31 BC
• See pg 159
SECTION 3 ASSIGNMENT
• READ SEC 3
• 5-7 REALISTIC TEST QUESTIONS
– KEY IDEAS, MAIN POINTS
• QUIZ OVER SECT 1-3 TOMORROW

ANCIENT ROME (what in the world?)
Beginnings • Located on Italian Peninsula in Mediterranean Sea • 800 BC, Latins (ancestors of Romans), begin to settle,
Establishing A Republic • Romans drive out Etruscan Rulers • ROMAN STATE IS FOUNDED • Establish a republic or “that which
Government Organization • Senate controlled/made laws – 300 members (patricians – upper class) – 2 consuls to control ar
ROMAN SOCIETY • Family was basic unit = father was head – Women would eventually gain power • Girls/boys from upper and l
Expansion • Armies expand Roman power – Republic Grows • Rome defeats it enemies – Legions, military unit (5,000 men) • T
(FROM REPUBLIC TO EMPIRE) 5.2
Rome Grows Through Conquest • Conquest of Italian Peninsula by the Romans results in contact/conflict over control with
How far would they go? • Imperialism = establishing control over foreign lands and peoples • Rome expanded in all direct

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