EDGE COMPUTING
by- ADITYA ALOK
What is Edge
Computing?
• Edge computing represents a
paradigm shift in distributed
computing, characterized by the
relocation of computational resources
and data storage facilities closer to
the origination point of data.
• This approach contrasts with
traditional centralized models, where
data is typically transmitted to remote
data centers or cloud infrastructure for
processing and storage.
Why Edge Computing is
Needed?
• Limitations of cloud computing
with massive IoT data
• Bandwidth bottlenecks and
delays
• Need for ultra-low latency in
real-time applications (e.g.,
autonomous vehicles)
• Data privacy and security
concerns
The Edge Computing
Architecture
Edge Devices:
•These are the endpoints that generate data. Examples
include IoT sensors, cameras, industrial machines, and
smartphones.
•They may have limited processing capabilities or, in
some cases, possess significant computing power
Edge Nodes:
•This is a broader term encompassing any device or
server that performs edge processing.
•This can include edge devices themselves, as well as
more robust edge servers or gateways.
Edge Gateways:
•These act as intermediaries between edge devices
and the cloud or data center.
•They often perform tasks like data aggregation,
protocol translation, and preliminary data processing.
Edge Servers/Clusters:
•These are more powerful computing resources located
at the edge.
•They can handle complex data processing, analytics,
and application workloads.
•They are often used in industrial settings, retail
locations, and other environments where real-time
processing is critical.
Cloud:
•While edge computing aims to decentralize processing, the
cloud still plays a vital role.
•The cloud can be used for:
•Deploying and managing edge applications.
•Providing orchestration and control.
Networking components:
•These components are vital for the data to travel between the
devices, the edge servers, and the cloud.
•This includes:
•Routers.
•Switches.
•wireless connection hardware.
Communication between edge device and edge
server/gateway
Physical Connections
•Wired Connections:
• Ethernet: Provides high bandwidth and reliable
connectivity.
• Serial Communication (RS-232, RS-485): Used for
connecting to sensors and industrial equipment.
•Wireless Connections:
• Wi-Fi
• Bluetooth
• Cellular (4G/5G): Provides long-range connectivity.
• Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs):
• LoRaWAN/Sigfox: Offer long-range, low-power
connectivity for low data rate devices.
• Zigbee: Enables low-power, mesh networking.
Communication Protocols
Edge devices and edge servers use standardized or
lightweight protocols for data exchange:
•IoT Protocols:
• MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport):
A lightweight, publish-subscribe protocol for
efficient data transfer.
• CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol): A
lightweight, RESTful protocol for constrained
devices.
•Standard Internet Protocols:
• TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol
• UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
• HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
MQTT PROTOCOL
MQTT is a binary based protocol were the control elements
are binary bytes and not text strings.
MQTT uses a command and command
acknowledgement format.
Topic names, Client ID, User names and Passwords are
encoded as UTF-8 strings.
The Payload excluding MQTT protocol
information like Client ID etc is binary data and the
content and format is application specific.
The MQTT packet or message format consists of a 2 byte
fixed header (always present) + Variable-header (not
always present)+ payload (not always present).
Gateway Architecture:
An IoT gateway typically consists of several components:
[Link] Connectivity Layer: This handles the
communication between the gateway and the IoT devices
(Wi-Fi, Zigbee, Bluetooth, etc.).
[Link] Translation Layer: This layer takes care of
converting data from one protocol to another.
[Link] Layer: This part performs any data filtering,
aggregation, or local processing of the data.
[Link] to Cloud/Network: Once the data is
processed, it’s sent to the cloud, a server, or other parts of
the network for further analysis or action.
MQTT Packet Structure: TCP/IP Encapsulation:
•Fixed Header: •TCP Header:
• Message Type: PUBLISH •Source Port: 1883 (MQTT)
(0x03) •Destination Port: 80 (HTTP)
• QoS Level: 0 (0x00) •Sequence Number: 987654321
• Remaining Length: 20 (0x14) •Acknowledgment Number: 123456789
•Flags: PSH, ACK
•Variable Header:
• Topic Name Length: 14 •IP Header:
(0x000E) •Source IP Address: [Link] (Edge
• Topic Name: Gateway)
"sensor/temperature" (73 65 •Destination IP Address: [Link] (Cloud
6E 73 6F 72 2F 74 65 6D 70 Server)
65 72 61 74 75 72 65) •Protocol: 6 (TCP)
•Payload: •Payload:
• "25.5°C" (32 35 2E 35 B0 43) •{"temperature": "25.5°C"} (7B 22 74 65 6D 70 65
72 61 74 75 72 65 22 3A 20 22 32 35 2E 35 B0
43 22 7D)
Selected Use Cases of Edge Computing enabled Applications
Medical Applications
• HPC at the Edge for medical imaging
merges HPC/AI and medical sensing
technology.
• Provide precision medicine through the
use of real-time advanced monitoring and
analysis of a patient's medical data to
detect early pathologies.
• Lowers privacy breach risks by keeping
data on-site.
• only pertinent data is sent to the cloud
such as alerts.
Smart cities
• future cities will have sensors that will
collect various data, for example, in
transportation, medical health, and urban
security.
• Generate a large volume of data, and this
data should be processed quickly.
• Sending these data to the cloud will need
faster data movement and privacy.
Closed-Circuit Televisions
• data collected by the CCTVs should
be processed quickly.
• connected to the Edge device
through the LAN connection.
• Edge devices use the latest special
image processing chips to process
videos more efficiently.
THANK
YOU!