FOWL CHOLERA
( AVIAN PASTEURELLOSIS/ AVIAN
CHOLERA/AVIN HAEMORRHAGIC
SEPTICAEMIA)
FOWL CHOLERA
• Fowl
cholera is a contagious disease affecting both
domestic and wild birds.
This disease is world wide distributed and all species of
birds are susceptible for it. But turkey are more
susceptible then fowl.
Thisdisease most frequently occur in adult and late
growing birds as compare to young one.
Strain specific immunity will observed in fowl cholera,
if a bird affected from any strain and attain immunity
then then bird will be susceptible for other strain
infection.
• TRANSMISSION/ SPREAD-
Carrier bird or clinically infected bird and their excretion
are the source of infection. And carcass of bird that die
from infection is also a source of infection.
rats are the reservoir of P. multocida.
P. multocida isolates of pigs are pathogenic to fowl.
Spread through water and feed are important.
Egg transmission will absent in it.
Poultrymay be infected by oral, nasal and conjunctival
routes and through wound.
PATHOGENESIS
Virulence of P. multocida is associated with it
capsule. Capsule surround the p. multocida and that
secrete different chemicals that are responsible for it
virulence.
Pathogens enters in the body by different routes and
multiply sufficiently then secrete endotoxin that
cause virulence.
Endotoxin induced active immunity.
CLINICAL SIGN-
there are different form of fowl cholera- per acute ,
acute, chronic and localized.
• [Link]- ACUTE FORM:
Birds will die within 24-48 hour without showing any sign. Condition of
dead bird seen to be good.
2. ACUTE FORM:
• Marked depression
• Anorexia
• Mucus discharge from orifices and cynosis.
• Foul smell diarrhoea may be seen
3. CHRONIC AND LOCALIZED FORM:
• Depression
• Conjunctivitis
• Lameness
• Torticollis
• Swelling of wattles.
• LESIONS:
1. PER-ACUTE AND ACUTE FORM:
• Goss lesion is multiple pinpoint necrotic foci present in
liver.
[Link]-ACUTE FORM:
• Oedema in lungs ( specially in turkey) , pneumonia
and fibrous perihepatitis and pericarditis seen.
[Link] LESIONS:
• Caseous arthritis of hock and foot joints.
• Swelling Induration of one or both wattles.
• Caseous exudate in middle ear
UNILATERAL FIBRINOUS LIVER FROM A TURKEY
PLEURITIS AND SHOWING ENLARGEMENT,
PNEUMONIA IN TURKEY CONGESTION AND MULTIPLE
IN ACUTE FOWL WHITE NECROTIC FOCI IN
CHOLERA ACUTE FOWL CHOLERA
• DIAGNOSIS:
• In per-acute form smear of liver or smear of heart will
show bipolar organism when stained with methylene
blue.
• if pneumonic form present then similar smear from lung
may be helpful.
• Isolation readily achieved by injection of Pasteurella free
mice with an inoculum of ground tissue from an affected
animal. P. multocida kills the experimental mice in 24-48
hr.
. PREVENTION AND CONTROL:
Good management practice and sanitation is the best way
for prevention.
• VACCINATION:
• In
endemic area vaccination should be done in age of
6-8week bird and second vaccination done after 2
month of first.
• Vaccine is killed bacterial culture and immunity lasts
for 6-8 months.
Ref by:
1.a textbook of veterinary special pathology by j.l vegad , a.k Katiyar
[Link] pathology by Ravindranath sharma and neelesh sharma