Chapter-
Chapter- 11
Introduction to Organization Behavior
What
What isis organizational
organizational behavior?
behavior?
Organizations
Group or groups of people who work interdependently to achieve a
common purpose or goal.
Organizational Behavior
The study of what people think, feel, and do in and around organizations.
What
What isis organizational
organizational behavior?
behavior?
Organizational Behavior
A field of study that investigates
the impact that individuals,
groups, and structure have on
behavior within organizations,
for the purpose of applying such
knowledge toward improving an
organization’s effectiveness.
What
What isis organizational
organizational behavior?
behavior?
Organizational behavior (OB) is the study of:
Human behavior in organizational settings
The interface between human behavior and
the organization
The organization itself
The
The Importance
Importance of
of OB
OB
Organizations can have a powerful influence on our lives:
– Most people are born and educated in organizations
– Most people acquire most of their material
possessions from organizations
– Most people die as members of organizations
– Many of our activities are regulated by governmental
organizations
– Most people spend most of their lives in organizations
Why
Why Study
Study OB?
OB?
Studying organizational behavior can clarify factors
that affect how managers manage by:
– Describing the complex human context of
organizations
– Defining the associated opportunities, problems,
challenges, and issues
– Isolating important aspects of the manager’s job
– Offering specific perspectives on the human side of
management
Why
Why Study
Study OB?
OB?
– Studying OB helps managers understand:
• The behaviors of others in the organization
• Personal needs, motives, behaviors, feelings and career
dynamics
• Attitudinal processes, individual differences, group
dynamics, inter group dynamics, organization culture,
power, and political behavior
• Interactions with people outside of the organization and
other organizations
• The environment, technology, and global issues
Intuition
Intuition and
and Systematic
Systematic Study
Study
• Gut feelings
• Individual observation
Intuition • Common sense
• Looks at relationships
Systematic • Scientific evidence
Study • Predicts behaviors
The two are complementary means of predicting behavior.
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An
An Outgrowth
Outgrowth of
of Systematic
Systematic Study…
Study…
Evidence-Based Management (EBM)
Basing managerial decisions on the best available
scientific evidence
Must think like scientists: Apply
relevant
Search for information
best to case
available
evidence
Pose a
managerial
question
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Contributing
Contributing Disciplines
Disciplines
Many behavioral sciences
have contributed to the Psychology
development of
Organizational
Behavior
Social
Psychology
Sociology Anthropology
See
SeeEEXXHHI IBBI ITT 1–3
1–3 for
fordetails
details
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Psychology
Psychology
The science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the
behavior of humans and other animals.
Unit of Analysis:
– Individual
Contributions to OB:
– Learning, motivation, personality, emotions, perception
– Training, leadership effectiveness, job satisfaction
– Individual decision making,
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Social
Social Psychology
Psychology
An area within psychology that blends concepts from psychology and
sociology and that focuses on the influence of people on one another.
Unit of Analysis:
– Group
Contributions to OB:
Attitude change
Communication
Group processes
Group decision making
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Sociology
Sociology
The study of people in relation to their fellow human
beings.
Unit of Analysis:
-- Organizational System -- Group
Contributions to OB:
– Group dynamics – Formal organization theory
– Work teams – Organizational technology
– Communication – Organizational change
– Power – Organizational culture
– Conflict
– Intergroup behavior
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Anthropology
Anthropology
The study of societies to learn about human beings and
their activities.
Unit of Analysis:
-- Organizational System -- Group
Contributions to OB:
– Organizational culture – Comparative values
– Organizational environment – Comparative attitudes
– Cross-cultural analysis
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Developing
Developing an
an OB
OB Model
Model
A model is an abstraction of reality – a simplified
representation of some real-world phenomenon.
Our OB model has three levels of analysis
– Each level is constructed on the prior level
EEXXHHI IBBI ITT 1-4
1-4
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Types
Types of
of Study
Study Variables
Variables
Independent (X) Dependent (Y)
– The presumed cause of the – This is the response to X (the
change in the dependent independent variable).
variable (Y). – It is what the OB researchers
– This is the variable that OB want to predict or explain.
researchers manipulate to – The interesting variable!
observe the changes in Y.
X Y Predictive Ability
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Interesting
Interesting OB
OB Dependent
Dependent Variables
Variables
Productivity
– Transforming inputs to outputs at lowest cost. Includes the concepts of
effectiveness (achievement of goals) and efficiency (meeting goals at a low cost).
Absenteeism
– Failure to report to work – a huge cost to employers.
Turnover
– Voluntary and involuntary permanent withdrawal from an organization.
Deviant Workplace Behavior
– Voluntary behavior that violates significant organizational norms and thereby
threatens the well-being of the organization and/or any of its members.
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More
More Interesting
Interesting OB
OB Dependent
Dependent Variables
Variables
Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB)
– Discretionary behavior that is not part of an employee’s
formal job requirements, but that nevertheless promotes the
effective functioning of the organization.
Job Satisfaction
– A general attitude (not a behavior) toward one’s job; a
positive feeling of one's job resulting from an evaluation of
its characteristics.
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Organizational
Organizational Behavior
Behavior
A field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure
have on behavior within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge
toward improving an organization’s effectiveness.
Behavior indicates what people do in the organization, how they perform, and
what their attitudes are.
Behavioral investigation in OB are conducted scientifically and intuitively
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The
The Independent
Independent Variables
Variables
The independent variable (X) can be at any of these three levels in this model:
Individual
– Biographical characteristics, personality and emotions, values and attitudes, ability,
perception, motivation, individual learning, and individual decision making
Group
– Communication, group decision making, leadership and trust, group structure,
conflict, power and politics, and work teams
Organization System
– Organizational culture, human resource policies and practices, and organizational
structure and design
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