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Overview of Line Coding Techniques

The document discusses line coding, which is the process of converting digital data into digital signals. It covers various line encoding techniques such as Unipolar, Polar, Manchester, and Bipolar, along with their advantages and limitations. Key concepts like baseline wandering, DC components, and self-synchronization are also explained to highlight important characteristics of line coding.

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5 views22 pages

Overview of Line Coding Techniques

The document discusses line coding, which is the process of converting digital data into digital signals. It covers various line encoding techniques such as Unipolar, Polar, Manchester, and Bipolar, along with their advantages and limitations. Key concepts like baseline wandering, DC components, and self-synchronization are also explained to highlight important characteristics of line coding.

Uploaded by

nomankhan170990
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

LINE

CODING
Digital Communication

01001..
Group
Members:

[Link] Al Masum
(2154901129)
[Link] Wafie (2154901008)
[Link] Khan (2154901024)
What is Line
Coding?
Line coding is the process of
converting digital data into digital
signals.
01

Signal level
and data
level 02

Pulse rate 04
03
and bit rate DC
Self component
Important synchronizatio
characteristics of n
Line Coding
Mapping Data symbols
onto Signal levels
A Data symbol (or element) can consist
of a number of Data bits:
A = 01100001
A Data bit can be coded into a single
signal element or multiple signal
elements:
Data element vs Signal
Element
• A Data element is the shortest unit of an
Information.
• A Signal element is the shortest unit of a Digital
Signal.
Data Rate vs Signal Rate
Relationship between
Data rate and Baud rate
Mathematical Problem
Baseline
wandering

Line
DC
Encoding
Consideratio
components
n

Self
synchronization
Baseline wandering
• Occurs when the signal does not
vary for a long time, the baseline
can drift, causing detection errors.

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Baseline Expected
by the Receiver
DC components
• Occurs when the voltage level remains
constant for long periods of time,
frequency become low.

+
V +
0 V
-V
Signal with Signal without
DC component DC component

The positive voltages are canceled by any negative


voltages
Self synchronization
• Occurs when the clock pulse of the Sender
and
Receiver does not match.
Line
Encoding
Techniques
Unipolar(NRZ)
• All signal levels are on one side of the time
axis - either above or below
1 +V / -V
0 0V

Unipolar NRZ (Non Return to Zero)

NRZ - The signal level does not return to zero


during a symbol transmission.
Polar(NRZ)
• The voltages are on both sides of the time
axis.
NZR - Level (NRZ-L) NRZ - Inversion (NRZ-I)
0 +V Next bit No Inversion
1 -V Next bit
0 Inversion
1
Polar(RZ)
• The voltages are on both sides of the time
axis.
• The Return to Zero (RZ) : Each symbol has a
transition in the middle.
Polar(Manchester)
• Manchester coding consists of combining the
NRZ-L
1 and RZ schemes.
Negative to positive
0 Positive to Negative
Polar(Diff erential Manchester)
• Differential Manchester coding consists of
combining
the NRZ-I
Next bitand RZInversion
schemes.
Next bit0 No Inversion
1
Bipolar - AMI and
Pseudoternary
• Code uses 3 voltage levels: +, 0, -, to
represent the
AMI
symbols
0 0V Pseudoternar
0 Alternating
1 Alternating y 1 0V
Unipolar: Simple but
prone to baseline
wandering.

Polar NRZ: Moderate


Advantages complexity but no
synchronization.
and Limitations
of Techniques Manchester/D. Manchester:
Excellent synchronization; double
bandwidth requirement.

Bipolar (AMI/Pseudoternary) : No DC
component; better noise immunity.
Thank You

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