Java Platforms
• Java SE - Standard Edition.
• Java EE - Enterprise Edition.
• Java ME - Micro Edition.
• JavaFX - for rich internet applications.
Memory Management
• Automatic garbage collection.
• Heap and Stack memory.
• Generational GC (Young, Old, PermGen).
File Handling in Java
• FileReader and FileWriter classes.
• Buffered streams for efficiency.
• Reading and writing files with exceptions.
Annotations in Java
• @Override, @Deprecated,
@SuppressWarnings.
• Used for metadata in code.
• Custom annotations possible.
Lambda Expressions
• Introduced in Java 8.
• Enable functional programming.
• Used with Streams and Collections.