GREAT SEAS MARITIME TRAINING
& ASSESSMENT CENTER, INC.
MANILA CITY, PHILIPPINES
WELCOME
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stairway.
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2
DAY 5
System Reset and Back-up
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Back-up and Requirements
The IMO added Appendix 6 to the performance standards
for ECDIS back up requirements, which lists the required
function and availability requirements of back-up
arrangements including:
Chart information using the latest official edition that are
kept up-to-date for the entire voyage;
Route planning capable of performing route planning
functions, including taking over the route plan of the primary
system and adjusting a planned route;
Route monitoring enabling take-over of the route monitoring
function; 4
Back-up and Requirements
Originally performed by the primary system, including
plotting own ship’s position and displaying the planned
route;
Voyage recording that keeps a record of the ship’s actual
track, including positions and corresponding times;
The definition of these key functional requirements still
leaves open what technical solutions constitute adequate
back-up arrangements.
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Options for Back-up Arrangements
These are a number of possible options that could meet
these requirements, including
A second ECDIS connected to an independent power
supply and a separate GPS position unit;
An appropriate up-to-date portfolio of official paper charts
for the intended voyage;
An ECDIS operating in RCDS mode of operation;
A radar based system called “Chart Radar” according to
IMO Performance Standards for Chart Radar.
6
Options for Back-up Arrangements
Adequate back-up arrangements must be provided to
ensure safe navigation in case of ECDIS failure;
This includes providing some facilities to take over ECDIS
functions so that an ECDIS failure does not develop into a
critical situation, and a back-up means of safe navigation for
the remaining part of the voyages in case of ECDIS failure.
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Options for Back-up Arrangements
Back-up requirements:
Various form of back-up requirements (IMO Res. A.817,
App.6)
Take over by the back-system
Take over of the main navigation functions
Take over of all relevant passage planning data from ECDIS
Take over of all updates
Reduced functional capabilities
Periodical function test
8
Back-up System Options
A number of possible options have been proposed that
could meet the functional requirements.
These include:
A second fully-independent ECDIS that is neither:
IMO compliant
Partially compliant (e.g. has small display size)
An electronic chart system that uses neither;
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Back-up System Options
A raster data that could be:
Official hydrographic office issued
Commercially-scanned paper charts
Vector data should be:
Based on IHO S-57
Other format
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Back-up System Options
An up-to-date paper chart portfolio for the remaining part of
the voyage.
A print-out containing the ECDIS display base and the route
plan for the remaining part of the voyage.
RADAR/ARPA with ECS data superimposition
GPS/DGPS or GLONASS receiver with route planning
function
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Portfolio of Up-to Date Paper Chart as
ECDIS Back-up
Appropriate portfolio of up-to-date paper charts should
cover those sections of the intended voyage where ECDIS
will be operated in the RCDS mode;
These charts are to be of a scale that will show sufficient
detail of topography, depths, navigational hazards, aids to
navigation, charted routes, and routeing measures to
provide the mariner with information on the overall
navigational environment;
In conjunction with ECDIS in RCDS mode, such charts
should provide adequate look-ahead capability.
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Archiving ECDIS Data and
Data Logging
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Electronic Logbook
An electronic log book is a daily file where navigational and
system events are automatically recorded;
By using an electronic logbook a navigator can instantly
playback navigation developments directly on the electronic
chart;
An electronic ship log file is formed every 24 hours (with the
change of date by UTC time).
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Electronic Logbook
The electronic ship logbook is presented in the form of a
table consisting of horizontal rows (event parameters) and
vertical columns (events);
For the convenience sake and in order to provide sorting
capability, all events are divided into groups:
Main – events always reflected in the ship log
Sensors – group events connected with the status of
external sensors;
Network – events connected with the change of the
network configuration status;
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Electronic Logbook
Charts – events connected with the loading and display of
electronic charts;
Route – events connected with motion along the route and
according to the schedule;
Alarms – events connected with alarm messages;
Layers – events connected with the chart object classes;
Settings – events connected with the settings made by the
operator.
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ECDIS Responsibility
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COLREG
• There is no specific mention of ECDIS (or position fixing or
AIS) in the COLREG;
• However, ECDIS use is implied in the phrase “all available
means” (Rule no.5), risk of collision (Rile no.7), occurring in
Conduct of Vessels in nay condition of visibility (Rules 4-10)
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SOLAS
• Operating ECS and ECDIS without complete or updated chart
has been considered a contributing factor in several recent
casualties;
SOLAS V/2,V/19 and V/27 regulations addresses
the carriage of charts
the equivalency of ENC format vector charts and paper
charts
the non-equivalency of any other format
SOLAS V/19 was amended in June 2009 to mandate ECDIS
carriage requirements on ships (MSC.282(86))
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STCW Code
• International ECDIS training requirements are now included
in the STCW 2010 part A (Code) through the Manila
amendments 2010, effective 01 January 2012 with a 5 year
transition period;
• The basic STCW competence requires maintaining safety of
navigation using ECDIS, with differences in application for
operational and management level deck officers:
Table A-II/1 Navigation at the Operational Level ≥500 GRT
Table A-II/2 Navigation at the Management level ≤500 GRT
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IMO - SOLAS Chapter V
Regulation 19.2
IMO - Solas Chapter V Regulation 19.2
• At its 86th session from May 26 to June 5, 2009, the IMO’s
Maritime Safety Committee approved new regulations for the
mandatory carriage requirements of ECDIS.
2.1 All ships irrespective of size shall have:
2.1.4 Nautical charts and nautical publications to plan and
display the ship’s route for the intended voyage and to plot
and monitor positions throughout the voyage; an Electronic
Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) may be
accepted as meeting the chart carriage requirements of this
subparagraph 21
IMO - SOLAS Chapter V
Regulation 19.2
2.1.5 Back-up arrangements to meet the functional
requirements of subparagraph 2.1.4, if this function is partly
or fully fulfilled by electronic means.
• The amendment to SOLAS Chapter V regulation 19.2 will
require ships engaged on international voyages to be fitted
with ECDIS according to the following timetable:
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STCW 2010 MANILA Amendments
Under the terms of the STCW Convention, Regulation I/14
states that, Responsibilities of Companies:
Each Administration shall, in accordance with the provisions
of Section A-1/14, hold companies responsible for the
assignment of seafarers for service on their ships in
accordance with the provisions of the present Convention, and
shall require every Company to ensure that:
Seafarers, on being assigned to any of its ships, are
familiarized with their specific duties and with all ship
arrangements, installations, equipment, procedures and the
ship characteristics that are relevant to their routine or
emergency duties.
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STCW 2010 MANILA Amendments
ISM Code Paragraphs 6.2, 6.3 and 6.5
Under the terms of the ISM Code, the ship owner or
operator has a responsibility to ensure that personnel are
given proper familiarization on their duties;
If a ship equipped with an approved ECDIS, the ship owner
has to provide ECDIS training to ensure that ECDIS users
are both properly trained and familiar with the shipboard
equipment before it is used
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Effective Navigation with
ECDIS
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Bridge Functions Incorporating ECDIS
ECDIS can be used in support of many important bridge
functions, but such support requires its own skills and
knowledge of facility and constitutes an additional bridge
function:
Visual monitoring – effective lookout, verify visual contact;
Planning – chart, updates, routes, weather forecasts,
weather routing;
Piloting – course changes, dead reckoning, vessels
position, radar overlay, position history, alarm history;
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Bridge Functions Incorporating ECDIS
Maneuvers – conditions (wind, tides, currents, ice, climatic
data), vessels characteristics, docking, anchoring, lightering,
canal transit;
At anchor – monitor position, monitor other traffic, tidal
current, trends.
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Bridge Operating Procedures
addressing ECDIS
Simplified bridge operating procedures addressing ECDIS
should include the following:
Maintain visual lookout supplemented by ARPA and ECDIS;
Validate correct functioning of electronic instruments at
regular intervals;
Manage chart database and updates;
Maintain voyage plans and files.
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Safe and Practical Navigation
with ECDIS
Safe and practical navigation with ECDIS should include
but not limited to:
Use of ECDIS unit itself;
Use of instruments integrated with the ECDIS (centralization
of information);
Acknowledgement of the “Problem of Partial Use”
(unfamiliarity with the unit and/or procedures may lead to
distracting problems solving attempts at inopportune time,
or to a disuse of the unit altogether neither of which
improves the safety of navigation.
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Safe and Practical Navigation
with ECDIS
Therefore, navigation should:
know what can and cannot be accomplished before the
need arises;
know that limited or restricted use results in unverified and
unintended settings;
perform on ECDIS anything done on a paper chart;
perform on ECDIS things that cannot otherwise done as
effectively or efficiently.
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Safe and Practical Navigation
with ECDIS
Performance of ECDIS could be affected in following cases:
ECDIS in operation comprises hardware, software and data.
It is important for the safety of navigation that the application
software within the ECDIS works fully in accordance with
the performance standards and is capable of displaying all
the relevant digital information contain within the Electronic
Navigational Chart (ENC);
ECDIS that is not updated for the latest version of IHO
standards may not meet the chart carriage requirements as
set out in SOLAS Regulation V/[Link];
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Safe and Practical Navigation
with ECDIS
Any ECDIS which is not upgraded to be compatible with the
latest version of the product specification or the S-52
presentation library may be unable to correctly display the
latest charted features;
Additionally, the appropriate alarms and indications may not
be activated even though the features have been included
in the ENC;
Similarly, and ECDIS which is not updated to be fully
compliant with the latest version of the S-63 data projection
standards may fail to decrypt or to properly authenticate
some ENC’s leading to failure to load or install 32
Safe and Practical Navigation
with ECDIS
Anomalies in the use of ECDIS
Trainees should be fully aware of the nature, risk and
methods taken to resolve ECDIS anomalies;
In particular, it should be understood that as a software
driven system, ECDIS will remain susceptible to future
anomalies and that advice and guidance regarding this
matter will from time to time be made available to ships
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Simulator
Exercise 5
Thank You!!!