BIOMOLECULES
Report by:
Erwin C. De Castro
Almadin M. Kulintang
ABOUT THE BIOMOLECULES
• Bio = Life
• Molecules = combination of two or • Classified into 4 groups and
more atoms these classes have different
• Discovered by Richard Henderson structure and functions
• Biomolecules are the building blocks
of life. • Made up of strings of monomers
• Composed of mainly carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus
• Has its characteristics and is designated to
perform some specific function.
• They promote different biological
processes, which are necessary for life.
4 groups of biomolecules (Polymers)
Carbohydrat
Lipids
es
Nucleic
Proteins
Acids
Carbohydrates
• Carbohydrates • Provides energy to the body
• Macronutrients that are one through glucose
of the three main ways by which our
body obtain energy • Vital energy source for the cell
• Organic molecules which are
soluble in water • Provide structural support to
• Composed of carbon, many organisms
hydrogen, and oxygen
• Grain, fruits, and vegetables • Found on the surface of the cell
are natural source of carbohydrates as receptors or cell recognition
• Are great source of energy
Monomer of carbohydrates
● Monosaccharide
- is the monomer and is also called simple sugars. A
colorless, water – soluble, and crystalline solids.
● Most common monosaccharides is glucose
- Glucose is referred to as hexoses since they have
six(6) carbon
- Abundant in many plant sources and makes up
sweeteners such as corn sugar or grape sugar.
Lipids
● Also known as fats
● An organic molecules which are insoluble
in water
● Provides insulation
● Great source of long time energy
● Perform many different function in a cell
● Glycerol and fatty acids are the monomers
Carbon Proteins Hydrogen
Oxygen Nitrogen
Sulfur
Proteins are another class
of indispensable
Do most of the work in cells biomolecules
They are also some of the
DNA replication largest biomolecules
Catalyzing metabolic reactions
* Long chain of building
Construction of cells and tissue
structures
blocks called, amino acids
Transportation of molecules from one (monomers)
place to another
Maintain the shape of the cells
speed up photosynthesis and
ABOUT NUCLEIC ACIDS
• Nucleic acids are molecules made up of repeating units of
nucleotides, a monomer.
• Involved in the storage and responsible in transferring of genetic
information.
• Contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
• Carry the genetic blueprint of a cell and carry instructions for the
functioning of the cell.
• Deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) and Ribonucleic acids (RNA)
• Both of these are involved in genetic information for the coding of
your traits
DNA Differences
• Responsible for storing and
between the two
• Directly codes for amino acids and
RNA
acts as a messenger between DNA
transferring genetic information and ribosomes to make proteins.
• Double-stranded molecule • Single-stranded molecule
• Long-term storage of genetic • Critical for the transmission of
information; transmission of the genetic code that is
genetic information to make other necessary for protein creation
cells and new organisms. from the nucleus to the
ribosome.
• DNA replicates on its own
• RNA does not replicate on its
• Located in the nucleus of a own
cell and in the
mitochondria. • Found in the cytoplasm,
nucleus and in the ribosome.
Structure of nucleotides
DNA nitrogenous bases:
Adenine (A), cytosine (C), Guanine (G), and Thymine (T)
RNA nitrogenous bases:
Adenine (A), cytosine (C), Guanine (G), and Uracil (U)
CONCLUSIONS
Biomolecules are
vital for life as it
aids organisms to
grow, sustain, and
reproduce. They
are involved in
building organisms
from single cells to
complex living
beings