UNITY UNIVERSITY
DEPARTEMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION (CENG 4071)
CHAPTER-2
BUILDING DRAWINGS
Floor plan drawings (cont…)
CONTENTS
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Introduction
Drawing for house construction
Working drawings
Hatching, symbols and notations
Why do we prepare construction Drawings?
To communicate requirements in a clear,
clear concise and unambiguous
manner
To prepare bill of quantities
To use it as part of contract document
What are the requirements?
Shouldn’t be unnecessarily congested or complicated
Clare to understand
Descriptions be Brief
Should be Consistent and complete
Should be well dimensioned
Should be drawn to scale
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Construction drawings can be prepared:
By hand assisted by various templates or
Computer software programs ( Ex. AutoCAD)
The use of computer programs in building drawing:
Enables users to produce any type of drawings quickly, precisely,
and efficiently
Enables editing, adding or deleting texts to drawings
Enables printing to required sizes and color
It can easily be communicated via networks and e-mails and
integrated with other programs thus
Minimizes the need for storage space
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Standard size of drawing papers
Generally it is advisable to use international standard-size papers in
drawings to facilitate filling of drawings.
Format A Series B Series C Series
0 841 x 1189 1000 x 1414 917 x 1297
1 594 x 841 707 x 1000 648 x 917
2 420 x 594
3 297 x 420
4 210 x 297
5 148 x 210
6 105 x 148
7 74 x 105
8 52 x 74
Constant ratio of 1: 1.4
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Typical Drawing for house construction shall include:
Site plan
Working drawings
Detailed drawings
Construction drawings and
Installation drawings
SITE PLAN
A site plan is a drawing showing various properties in terms of their
owners, locations, elevations, states of development and features
such as roads, utility supply lines, etc.
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Components of a site plan
Survey beacons (corner stones) these are concrete pillars located at
principal corners of the site and at every change in the direction of
boundaries. They define the boundary and area of the site.
Elevations: these are the different heights on the surface of the site in
relation to a standard reference point known as bench mark (BM).
Locations which have equal elevations are joined together using
contour lines.
These lines help to define the topography of the land within a
site.
Site orientation: these refers to a system of defining the site in terms
of its direction to the north, south, east and west.
Orientation is important in planning the building area to make
into consideration such factors as the direction of rain, wind and
sun within the site.
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Components of a site plan (cont…)
Physical features: these are permanent objects or features
existing with in the site or adjoining sites which are used for
referencing or identification of the site.
Ex. Existing buildings, trees, roads, fences, etc.
Access road: these shows the means of reaching the site.
Utilities:
A site plan shows utility supply lines such as for water,
electricity and gas.
The scales used in drawing a site plan are:
For small sites: Scales of 1:100, 1;200
For large sites: Scales of 1:500, 1:1000, 1:2500
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SITE PLAN (cont…)
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SITE PLAN (cont…)
Site plan
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Detailed drawings
They usually show specific details, such as in stair cases, gutter to
down pipe connections, wall to foundation connection, metal and
wood joineries, etc
They are prepared to the extent necessary and depending on the
complexity of the building.
They can be prepared to a scale of 1:1, 1:5, 1:10, or 1:20.
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Detailed drawings (cont...)
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Construction drawings
They provide important information for the resident engineer and
foremen in the execution of their day-to-day activities.
They are prepared mainly for the foundation work, for construction
in steel, concrete, roofing and wood works.
Installation drawings
Installation drawings comprise of drawings for water and drainage
pipes, electrical installation as well as mechanical installation.
For residential building a scale of 1:50 is normally preferred.
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Working drawings
They are prepared in greater detail with all dimensions given to
avoid the need for taking measurements from scale.
They comprise of all plans and elevations as well as an adequate
number of cross-sections.
The materials to be used for the various parts of the building should
be indicated in different symbols.
They are the most important components of building drawings since
they provide detail information on the internal as well as the
external view of a building.
They are usually prepared using a scale of 1:50.
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Floor plan drawings
The floor plan is a drawing of the outline and partitions of a
building that would be seen when the building was cut horizontally
about 1.2m above the floor level.
It provides more specific information about the design of the
building than any other plan.
It is used as the base for the projection of other drawings.
floor plan drawings usually show:
center line of walls,
window and door openings,
wall thickness,
furniture positions,
material type,
measurements and other details.
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Floor plan drawings (cont…)
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Floor plan drawings (cont…)
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Elevation drawings
Elevation drawings are orthographic drawings of the exterior of a
building.
They are prepared to show the design materials, dimensions, and
final appearance of the exterior of a building.
Elevation drawings are projected from the floor plan of an
architectural drawing.
Elevations drawings usually show :
Vertical lines (walls ,windows doors position in elevation)
Horizontal lines ( beam ,roof lines)
Elevation dimensions
Description of material used and finishing type
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Elevation drawings (cont…)
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Sectional drawings
Sectional drawings reveal the internal construction of an object.
Architectural section drawings are prepared
For the entire structure (full sections) or
For a specific part(s) of a building (detail sections)
The cutting plane is an imaginary plane, which passes through the
building and divides it into sections.
Longitudinal section
Transverse section
Offset section
Removed sections are frequently drawn for areas such as footings,
window sill, cornice, gutter line and ridge sections.
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Sectional drawings (cont…)
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Sketch drawings
Sketch drawings are preliminary drawings prepared for showing the
general arrangements of buildings.
They are often drawn free hand in pencils.
They comprise plans of the most important storey, one or more
elevations and a cross-section of the building.
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Hatchings
The main objective is to differentiate between the materials being
used thus enabling rapid recognition and location.
They must be used consistently throughout the whole set of
drawings.
In large areas it is not always necessary to hatch the whole area.
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Symbols
These are graphical representations and wherever possible should be
drawn to scale
They must be consistent for the whole set of drawings and clearly
drawn.
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THANK YOU!
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