CIRCULAR
FUNCTIONS
Learning Target
At the end of the lesson, the learners
would be able to:
Identify and explain angles in
standard position, quadrantal angles
and co-terminal angles; and
Solve problems involving co-
terminal angles
Angles in Geometry
-the union of two non-collinear rays
with the same endpoint.
Angle Measures
Angles in Trigonometry
-the amount of rotation generated
when a ray is rotated about its
endpoint.
de Initial Side
Si
al
in -the starting
r m
Te position of the ray
Vertex
Initial Side Terminal Side
-the position of the ray
at the end of rotation
Directions of Rotation
Counter-clockwise
-the angle formed
is positive
Initial Side
Clockwise
-the angle formed
is negative
Angle Positions
Standard
Position
de
si
al
-vertex lies at
in
rm
te
the origin and
initial side its initial side
lies on the
positive x-axis.
Angle Positions
Quadrantal
Angle
-an angle in
standard position
initial side
whose terminal
side lies on the x-
or y- axis.
Identify if the angles are in standard
position and if these are quadrantal.
Not in standard
position
The initial side
doesn’t lie on the
positive side of the
x-axis
Not quadrantal
In standard
position
The terminal
Not quadrantal
side doesn’t lie
on the x- or y-
axis
In standard
position
Quadrantal angle
Not in standard The vertex is
position not in the origin
Not quadrantal
Not in standard
position
The initial side
doesn’t lie on the
positive side of the
x-axis
Not quadrantal
Co-terminal
de
Angles
l si
na
-angles which are both
mi
in standard position
ter
60° and have the same
𝝧 - 360°n
-300° initial side terminal sides.
𝝧 + 360°n
n – is the number
of rotation
Smallest positive co-terminal angle – the smallest
angle that shares the same initial and terminal sides as the given
angle, but is positive and falls between 0 and 360 degrees