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Process Capability and Specification Limits

Process capability measures the ability of a process in statistical control to meet product design specifications. It distinguishes between control limits and specification limits, with key metrics including the Process Capability Ratio (Cp) and Process Capability Index (Cpk) to assess process performance. Understanding these metrics is crucial for minimizing defects and optimizing production efficiency.

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6 views10 pages

Process Capability and Specification Limits

Process capability measures the ability of a process in statistical control to meet product design specifications. It distinguishes between control limits and specification limits, with key metrics including the Process Capability Ratio (Cp) and Process Capability Index (Cpk) to assess process performance. Understanding these metrics is crucial for minimizing defects and optimizing production efficiency.

Uploaded by

sammush79
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

PROCESS CAPABILITY

IMTIAZ KIANI [Link] MUHAUDDIN


IM-042 IM-049
Definition
A process that is in
statistical control may not
be producing products
according to there design
specification.

Process Capability refers


to the ability of an in-
control process to meet
the design specification of
a product.
Definition
• Process capability studies distinguish between
conformance to control limits and conformance to
specification limits.

• If the process mean is in control, then virtually all points


will remain within control limits.

• Specification limits are usually dictated by customers or


product designers.
Relationship between Process
Distribution & Specification
LSL Spec USL Process variation

• Capable process

• Very capable process

• Process not capable


Measurements of Process Capability
Process Capability Ratio (Cp)

If a process is capable the difference between upper & lower


specification limit, called the tolerance width, must be greater
than six standard deviations (Process variability or spread).
USL  LSL
Cp 
6
 USL - Upper Specification Limit
 LSL - Lower Specification Limit
 -Standard deviation of the process distribution.
Different Situations and the Cp
Cp > 1
Cp > 1.0, process is...
capable
LSL LTL UTL USL

Cp = 1
Cp = 1.0, process is... Just
capable
LSL USL
LTL UTL

Cp < 1
Cp < 1.0, process is... not
capable
LTL LSL USL UTL
Process Capability Index (Cpk)

If the mean of the distribution of process output, X , is


closer to either the upper or the lower specification,
defective parts may still be generated.

LSL Spec USL LSL Spec USL


Process Capability Index (Cpk)
We need to compute a capability index that measures
the potential for the process to generate bad out puts
relative to either upper or lower specification.

 X  LTL UTL - X 
C pk = min of  or 

 3  3 

 X - mean of the process


 USL - Upper Specification Limit
 LSL - Lower Specification Limit
-Standard deviation of the process distribution.
Interpreting the Process Capability Index

Cpk < 1 Not Capable


Cpk > 1 Capable at 3
Cpk > 1.33 Capable at 4
Cpk > 1.67 Capable at 5
Cpk > 2 Capable at 6
Conclusion

• This process is used in production to determine


whether a product meets specification on a consistent
basis.

• This presentation has focused on the basics of process


capability. It is very important to minimize defects in
production if you want to optimize the profit.

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