Average Rates
and
Instantaneous
Rate
Saba Naeem
D-Block Table 11 1st Floor
[Link]@[Link]
- What is the
average run
rate of West
Indies from the
start of
their Innings
till the 2nd
wicket fall?
- What is the
average run
rate of West
Indies during
the 1st and 2nd
wicket fall?
- Do you think
West Indies
will win the
match if it
continues with
Average Rate of change
• The average rate of change describes how much one
variable, on average, changes when compared to
another variable.
Just like in last example, average run rate is how much
RUNS changed with respect to OVERS.
• It describes how rapidly variables change w.r.t. to other
variables.
Rate of Change: Real-life
Application
Average Rate of change
• Average rate of change over the interval
=
Velocity- As the Average Rate of
Change
a) What is the change in
particle’s distance from to
Velocity- As the Average Rate of
Change
a) What is the change in
particle’s distance from to
You might know,
Average Speed/Velocity=
What is the slope of the
straight line shown in the
figure?
What is the slope of the
straight line shown in the
figure?
The SLOPE of the straight line is the
same as the Average rate of change of
distance over the given interval.
The formula is the SAME…!!!
Graphical: Average Rate of Change
• The SLOPE of the straight line passing through the
points gives us:
The average rate of change over the given interval
points.
Change in Function
Average rate of change in function
is the Slope of the Secant line
Average rate of change in function
is the Slope of the Secant line
The line AC
representing
average rate
of change is
called
SECANT LINE
Examples
Quick Exercise to check your
Understanding
Points to Ponder!
• Overall average rate of
change (Runs per over)
in first 3.5 overs for both
teams is same. …
• But after 3.5 overs,
things drastically
changed..
This means we should consider
the rate of change over shorter
intervals too, for better
understanding and analysis of
data.
Instantaneous Rate
What is the average velocity on the
interval [0,1]?
Instantaneous Rate
Let’s see the values of the height of the grapefruit
near 1st second:
What is the velocity at exactly ?
Instantaneous Velocity Using
the Idea of a Limit
• The instantaneous velocity of an object at time is
defined to be the
limit of the average velocity of the object over shorter
and shorter time intervals containing t.
Instantaneous Velocity=
Average rate of change
vs
Instantaneous rate of change
Average rate of change
vs
Instantaneous rate of change
Secant line vs Tangent line
Examples
Continued.. Last Example
• Find the equation of the tangent line to the curve +1 at .
Solution: We just calculated the instantaneous rate of t
function at
Instantaneous rate at slope of tangent line at
GeoGebra
Activity: Download the app on mobile right now and see the
graphs of curves and tangent line.
-Plot function equation
-Plot tangent line equation
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ails?id=[Link]&hl=en_
US
Exercise-Rates
The DERIVATIVE
Recall
• Average Rate of Change of function for interval [
• Or in other words, lets define for any point and its
neighboring point
Recall
• For the instantaneous rate of change at the point , we
use smaller and smaller intervals, i.e is very small, (almost
zero or even equal to zero).
• We can EDIT the average rate of formula as:
Recall
• For the instantaneous rate of change at the point , we
use smaller and smaller intervals, i.e is very small, (almost
zero or even equal to zero).
But
how
can we
divide
by
zero!??
?
Recall
• For the instantaneous rate of change at the point , we
use smaller and smaller intervals, i.e is very small, (almost
zero or even equal to zero).
Derivative Function
Derivative
• Instantaneous Rate of Change of function at any
point
is (also known as)
Derivative
• Instantaneous Rate of Change of function at any
point
is (also known as)
• Derivative at any point
which is graphically
Derivative
• Instantaneous Rate of Change of function at any
point
is (also known as)
• Derivative at any point
which is graphically
• The slope of the tangent line to the function curve at
Same thing… Different names!
• Instantaneous Rate of Change of
function at any point
is (also known as)
• Derivative at any point
which is graphically
• The slope of the tangent line to
the function curve at