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Enthalpy and Entropy Calculations in Thermodynamics

The document discusses various calculations related to thermodynamics, including the enthalpy of combustion of a gas, entropy changes in a system and surroundings, and the behavior of ideal gases during expansion. It also covers the relationship between Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy, as well as the kinetics of first-order reactions. Key results include the enthalpy of combustion being 9 kJ mol−1 and the temperature for a specific reaction equilibrium being 4589 K.

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4 views8 pages

Enthalpy and Entropy Calculations in Thermodynamics

The document discusses various calculations related to thermodynamics, including the enthalpy of combustion of a gas, entropy changes in a system and surroundings, and the behavior of ideal gases during expansion. It also covers the relationship between Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy, as well as the kinetics of first-order reactions. Key results include the enthalpy of combustion being 9 kJ mol−1 and the temperature for a specific reaction equilibrium being 4589 K.

Uploaded by

holowatch143
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

In a constant volume calorimeter, 3.

5 g of a gas with molecular weight 28


was burnt in excess oxygen at 298 K. The temperature of the calorimeter
was found to increase from 298 K to 298.45 K due to the combustion
process. Given that the calorimeter constant is 2.5 kJ K −1. Calculate the
enthalpy of combustion of the gas in kJ mol−1.
Ti = 298K
∴ Heat evolved for 28g of gas ( 1 mole)
Heat evolved for 3.5 g of a gas = 1.12 kJ
Tf = 298.45K
k = 2.5 kJK−1 = (1.125×28) / 3.5
m = 3.5g The enthalpy of combustion of the gas
Mm = 28 ΔHC = 9 JK mol−1
Heat evolved = kΔT
= k(Tf − Ti)
= 2.45 kJK−1 × (298.45 − 298)K
= 1.12 kJ
Calculate the entropy change in the system, and surroundings, and the total
entropy change in the universe during a process in which 245 J of heat flow
out of the system at 77°C to the surrounding at 33°C.
Given:
Tsys = 77oC = (77 + 273 ) = 350K
Tsurr = 33oC = (33 + 273) = 306K
q = 245J
Solution:
ΔSsys = q/Tsys = −245 / 350 = − 0.7 JK−1
ΔSsurr = q/Tsys = +245 / 350 = +0.8 JK−1
ΔS = ΔSsys + ΔSsurr
ΔS univ = −0.7 JK−1 + 0.8 JK−1
ΔS univ = −0.1 JK−1
Calculate the entropy change in the system, and surroundings, and the total
entropy change in the universe during a process in which 245 J of heat flow
out of the system at 77°C to the surrounding at 33°C.
Given:
Tsys = 77oC = (77 + 273 ) = 350K
Tsurr = 33oC = (33 + 273) = 306K
q = 245J
Solution:
ΔSsys = q/Tsys = −245 / 350 = − 0.7 JK−1
ΔSsurr = q/Tsys = +245 / 350 = +0.8 JK−1
ΔS = ΔSsys + ΔSsurr
ΔS univ = −0.7 JK−1 + 0.8 JK−1
ΔS univ = −0.1 JK−1
1 mole of an ideal gas, maintained at 4.1 atm and at a certain temperature,
absorbs heat 3710J and expands to 2 litres. Calculate the entropy change in
expansion process.
Given:
p = 4.1 atm,
v = 2 lit,
q = +3710 J,
n = 1 mol
Solution:
The ideal gas equation is

= ( 4.1 atm × 2 lit ) / ( 0.0821 lit atm mol−1 K−1 × 1 mol )

T = 100 K
ΔSexpansion = qexpansion / T = 3710J / 100k = 37.1 JK−1
ΔSexpansion = 37.1 JK−1
For the reaction Ag2O(s) —> 2Ag(s) + ½ O2(g) : ΔH = 30.56 kJ mol−1 and
ΔS=6.66JK−1 mol−1 (at 1 atm). Calculate the temperature at which ΔG is
equal to zero. Also predict the direction of the reaction (i) at this temperature
and (ii) below this temperature.
Given:
ΔH = 30.56 kJmol−1
= 30560Jmol−1
ΔS = 6.66 ×10−3kJK−1mo1−1
T = ? at which ΔG = 0
ΔG = ΔH − TΔS
0 = ΔH − TΔS
T = ΔH / ΔS
T = (30.56 kJmol−1) / (6.66×10−3 kJK−1mol−1)
T = 4589K
(i) At 4589K ; ΔG = 0 the reaction is in equilibrium.
(ii) At temperature below 4589k, the reaction occurs in the backward direction.
A first order reaction takes 8 hours for 90% completion. Calculate the time
required for 80% completion.

Step II:
Step I:
• Calculate t
• Calculate k
• [A]t = 20
• [A]t = 10
• [A]0 = 100
• [A]0 = 100
• K = calculated before
The half life of a first order reaction x → products is 6.932 x 104s at
500K . What percentage of x would be decomposed on heating at
500K for 100 min.
Show that in case of first order reaction, the time required for 99.9%
completion is nearly ten times the time required for half completion of
the reaction.

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