NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF
MOTION
The Law of Acceleration
Force= mass x
acceleration
THE LAW OF ______
The acceleration of an object as
produced by a net force is (directly,
inversely) proportional to the magnitude
of the net force, in the ( same, opposite)
direction as the net force, and (directly,
inversely) proportional to the (mass,
weight) of the object.
The larger
the force
applied on
an object
the larger
its
acceleratio
n
UNIFORMLY
ACCELERATED MOTION
Speed limits are
observed on
roads. They vary
and depend on
several
conditions.
Speed limits for
highways are
different from
speed limits on
small streets.
Speed limits
prevents vehicles
to speed up or
accelerate
unnecessarily on
our basis as they
are being
monitored by
traffic enforcers
ACCELERATION
ACCELERATION
is defined as the
rate of change in
velocity with
time.
it is a vector
quantity having
both magnitude
and direction
Acceleration of
vehicles usually
changes from time
to time.
A vehicle may speed up as it
travels to highways or slow
down as it approaches an
intersection.
It should also halt when the
stoplight is red and eventually
accelerate when the light turns
green.
SPEEDOMETER
indicates the speed of a
vehicle, it is usually combined
with a device known as an
odometer that records the
distance traveled.
Elapsed Time Reading on the
Speedometer
After 1 minute 30 km/h
After 2 minutes 31 km/h
After 3 minutes 32 km/h
UNIFORM
ACCELERATION
UNIFORM
ACCELERATI
ON
A type of
motion in
which the
velocity of an
object
changes by an
equal amount
in every equal
time period.
In UAM, the value of the
acceleration is constant.
It does not change. The
velocity changes but at
a constant rate. An
object with zero
acceleration is said to
be in uniform motion.
An object in UAM has
non-zero but constant
acceleration.
Acceleration represents
how velocity changes
with time velocity
represents how position
changes with time.
GRAVITY
FREE FALLING OBJECT
Objects at free fall also exhibit uniformly
accelerated motion
The acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s2
neglecting air resistance.
It is a constant acceleration for all falling
bodies, regardless their mass and weight
In general, a uniformly
accelerated motion is the
one in which the
acceleration of a body
throughout the motion is
uniform. It can be observed
in either vertical or
horizontal dimension, and
in two dimensions.
ANALYZE EACH SCENARIO.
IDENTIFY IF IT EXHIBITS
UNIFORMLY MOTION
ACCELERATED, OR NOT
A FRUIT DROPPING FROM A TREE
A BOY READING A BOOK
ROCKS
FALLING
FROM A CLIFF
A TRUCK RUNNING WITH A
CONSTANT ACCELERATION
REVIEW
Projectil
e Motion
PROJECTILE
MOTION
PROJECTILE MOTION
A form of motion where an
object moves in a curved path.
The object that is thrown or
projected and exhibits projectile
motion is called projectile
TRAJECTORY
It is the curve-like path
undertake by a
projectile.
PARABOLA
PROJECTILE MOTION
Vertical motion
Horizontal motion
HORIZONTALLY LAUNCHED
PROJECTILES
ANGLE LAUNCHED PROJECTILES
HORIZONTAL MOTION
(X-COMPONENT)
Neglect air resistance
HORIZONTAL MOTION
(X-COMPONENT)
Neglect air resistance
There is a constant horizontal
velocity. (vx)
HORIZONTAL MOTION
(X-COMPONENT)
Neglect air resistance.
There is a constant horizontal
velocity. (vx)
Horizontal acceleration is 0. (a =0)
x
HORIZONTAL MOTION
(X-COMPONENT)
Neglect air resistance.
There is a constant horizontal
velocity. (vx)
Horizontal acceleration is 0. (a =0)
x
We call the horizontal distance as
range. (dx)
VERTICAL MOTION
Y-COMPONENT
The force acting upon in this motion
is the force of gravity.
VERTICAL MOTION
Y-COMPONENT
The force acting upon in this motion is the
force of gravity. (g = ay = ax ) (g= -9.8
m/s2 )
Velocity is not constant. (Vy)
We call the vertical distance as the
height. (h= dy )
SAMPLE PROBLEM
A marble is thrown horizontally from a tabletop with a
velocity of 1.05 m/s. The marble falls 0.70 m away the
table’s edge.
Find the ff:
a. How high is the table?
b. What is the final velocity of the marble just before
it hits
the cup?
Vi = 1.50 m/s
Vi = 1.50 m/s
=0.70 m
Vi = 1.50 m/s
=?
=0.70 m
Vi = 1.50 m/s
=?
=0.70 m V f= ?
. How high is the table?
. How high is the table?
. How high is the table?
b. What is the final velocity of
the
marble just before it hits the
cup?
b. What is the final velocity of
the
marble just before it hits the
cup?
SOLVING PROBLEM
Danny, the cliff driver, launched himself off
at a horizontal speed of 2 m/s. Danny hit
the surface 6.06 m away the cliff’s edge.
a. How high is the cliff?
b. What was his final velocity right
before he
hits the surface of the water?
PROJECTILE MOTION
LAUNCHED AT AN
ANGLE
Horizontal acceleration is
equal to zer0 since the
velocity is constant
The vertical component of
acceleration is constant which
is acceleration due to gravity
(9.8 m/s ).
2
PROJECTILE MOTION
Combination of horizontal
motion with constant
velocity and vertical
motion with constant
acceleration.
VARIABLES INVOLVED IN PROJECTILE
LAUNCHED AT AN ANGLE
HORIZONTAL VERTICAL COMPONENT
COMPONENT (X) (Y)
dx = horizontal dy = vertical displacement
displacement
Vx = horizontal velocity Vy = vertical velocity
Vix = horizontal initial Viy = vertical initial velocity
velocity
Vfx = horizontal final Vfy = vertical final velocity
velocity
FACTS ABOUT PROJECTILE
LAUNCHED AT AN ANGLE
1. An object is projected from
rest at an angle upward θ
FACTS ABOUT PROJECTILE
LAUNCHED AT AN ANGLE
1. An object is projected from
rest at an angle upward θ
2. Its initial velocity can be
resolved in two components.
FACTS ABOUT PROJECTILE
LAUNCHED AT AN ANGLE
1. An object is projected from
rest at an angle upward θ
2. Its initial velocity can be
resolved in two components.
3. The horizontal velocity is
constant due to gravity.
FACTS ABOUT PROJECTILE
LAUNCHED AT AN ANGLE
4. The amount of time the object takes to
come
at a stop at its highest point is the same
amount of time it takes to return to where
it
was launched from. t up = t down
FACTS ABOUT PROJECTILE
LAUNCHED AT AN ANGLE
4. The amount of time the object takes to come
at a stop at its highest point is the same
amount of time it takes to return to where it
was launched from. t up = t down
5. The initial velocity upward will be the same
magnitude (opposite in direction) as the final
velocity when it returns to its original height.
FACTS ABOUT PROJECTILE
LAUNCHED AT AN ANGLE
1. An object is projected from rest at an angle upward θ
2. Its initial velocity can be resolved in two components.
3. The horizontal velocity is constant due to gravity.
4. The amount of time the object takes to come at a stop
at its highest point is the same amount of time it takes
to return to where it was launched from. t up = t down
5. The initial velocity upward will be the same magnitude
(opposite in direction) as the final velocity when it
returns to its original height.
HORIZONTAL VERTICAL COMPONENT
COMPONENT (X) (Y)
dx = dy =
Vx = Vy =
Vix = Viy =
Vfx = Vfy =
Ax = Ay =
tT = g=
ANGLE THAT IS REPRESENTED BY
THETA IS A NUMERICAL VALUE IN
DEGREES EXPRESSING THE
ORIENTATION OF A PROJECTILE TO
BE THROWN
THE MAXIMUM RANGE IS ACHIEVED IF
THE PROJECTILE IS FIRED AT AN ANGLE
OF 45° WITH RESPECT TO THE HORIZONTAL
COMPONENT.
Complementary
Angles
AS THE ANGLE OF LAUNCH INCREASES,
THE VERTICAL DISPLACEMENT OF THE
PROJECTILE WILL ALSO INCREASE
AT THE HIGHEST
POINT, THE VERTICAL
COMPONENT OF
VELOCITY IS ZERO
AND THE TIME TO
REACH THE MAXIMUM
HEIGHT IS HALF OF
THE TOTAL TIME OF
FLIGHT
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
A baseball player leads off the game and hits
along home run. The ball leaves the bat at an
angle of 25° with a velocity of 30 m/s.
a. What is the maximum height reached by the
ball?
b. What is the horizontal displacement (range) of
the ball?
3
0
2
5
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
The sipa leaves the foot at an angle of 30° with
a velocity of 6 m/s.
a. What is the maximum height reached by the
sipa?
b. What is the horizontal displacement (range) of
the sipa?
A ball was kicked at 5 m/s, solve for the
time in the air, maximum height, and
range. Write your answers in the space
provided. Show your solutions.
Angle Time Height Range
30°
60°
90°