Module 2
science,
technology, and
society:
through the
ages
Objectives:
At the end of this lesson, the students
will be able to:
• discuss how scientific and
technological developments affect
society and the environment.
• illustrate creatively the inventions
interactions between science and
technology and society throughout
history.
• express insights on the impacts of
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Cradles of Early Science
1. SCIENCE IN MESOAMERICA
The Entire Area Of Central
America From Southern
Mexico Up To The Border Of
South America
There Is No Doubt That The
Mesoamerican Region Is
Rich In Culture And
Cradles of Early Science
A. Maya Civilization
* One of the famous
civilizations that lasted for
approximately 2000 years
* Famous for their works in
astronomy
They incorporate their advance
understanding in astronomy in their
temples and other religious structures
which where used for astronomical
observations.
Their advanced knowledge and
understanding about celestial bodies
enable them to predict eclipses and
Developed the technology for growing
different crops and building elaborate cities
using ordinary machineries and tools.
Hydraulic system with sophisticated water
ways to supply water to different
communities
Believed to be one of the first people to
produce rubber products 3000years before
Goodyear received its patent in 1844.
One of the world’s first civilizations to use a
writing system known as the Mayan
hieroglyphics.
B. Inca Civilization
They made advanced
scientific ideas and tools to
help them in everyday life;
1. Road paved with stones;
2. Stone buildings that
surmounted earthquakes and other
disasters;
3. Irrigation system and
technique for storing water for their
crops to grow in all types of land;
4. Calendar with 12 months to mark
their religious festivals and prepare
them for
planting season;
5. The first suspension bridge;
6. Quipu, a system of knotted ropes
to keep records that only experts can
interpret; and
C. AZTEC CIVILIZATION
* Mandatory education
* Chocolates
* Antispasmodic
medication
* Chinampa
* Aztec calendar *
Invention of the canoe
2. Science in Asia
our
office
The biggest continent in the world is a host to many cultural,
economic and scientific activities of all ages
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a. India
The Indians are known for
manufacturing iron and in
metallurgical works.
Their iron steel is
considered to be the best
and held with high regard
in the whole of Roman
empire.
India is famous in
medicine.
b. China
Known for traditional
medicine
Famous discoveries and
inventions were compass,
papermaking,
gunpowder, and printing
tools that became known
in the west only by the
end of the middle ages
Also invented iron
Developed a design of
different models of bridges
Invented the first
seismological detector,
In astronomy, they made
significant records on
supernovas, lunar and solar
eclipses, and comets. They
observed heavenly bodies to
understand weather changes
and seasons that may affect
C. Middle East
Muslim scientists placed greater
value on science experiments rather
than plain-thought experiments which
led to the development of the scientific
method in the Muslim world.
A Muslim scientist named IBN AL-
HAYTHAM is also regarded as the
FATHER OF OPTICS
In mathematics, they make several
refinements to the number system,
such as the introduction of the
Played an important role in modern chemistry.
Some scholars considered JABIR IBN HAYYAN
to be the “FATHER OF CHEMISTRY”
IBN SINA pioneered the science of
experimental medicine and was the first
physician to conduct clinical trials
2 most notable works used as a standard
medicinal texts in both the Muslim world and in
Europe during the 17th century :
“The Book of Healing”
“The Canon Of Medicine,”.
3. Science in
Africa
PROOFS OF THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE
ANCIENT EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION:
Astronomy, Mathematics, and Medicine
Development of GEOMETRY
HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHARMACOLOGY, and
applied important components such as
examination, diagnosis and prognosis for the
treatment of diseases
Invented metal tools used in their homes, in
agriculture, and in building their magnificent
architectures
Adept at the 4 fundamental mathematical
The prehistoric and ancient era
technologies
1st technological event in the Old Stone
Age- crude stone
stone, horn, bone, and wood reached
high standards
most significant - fire
introduction of metals (gold,
copper,bronze, iron)
1200BC)
primarily used - copper and tin
alloy
1st Bronze Age people -
Mesopotamia(now called Iraq),
Sumerians
PeRIOD OF INNOVATION
wheel
cuneiform - system of writing
Heiroglyphics
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“ SIGNIFICANT
CONTRIBUTION
S
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potter's wheel
ziggurat
SUMERIAN
S
canals
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Babylonia
n
sundials
1st map made of clay
cartography
abacus
windwheels
21 first calendar
Akkadians/phoenicians
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S
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egyptian
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CHINE
SE
INDU
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PERSIAN
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LYDIAN
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GREEK
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ROMA
N
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The Middle Ages Technologies
The Middle Age era (5th century-15th century)
A Period Of Ferment And Chaos For Europe
After The Fall Of Roman Empire.
The First Glimmerings Of The Renaissance
(14th – 17th Ad)
Dramatic Technical & Cultural Advances In
Asia
The Expansion And Contraction Of The
Muslim Empire
The Pinnacle Of The Mayan And Incan
Civilizations
Most Of The Mechanical Technology
Originated From Europe But Had Its Influence
From The Ancient Chinese Inventions.
Important Developments In Agriculture, New
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Power Sources, Military Weapons,
Some Middle age era inventions
Warfare
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Power sources
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Nautical
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Agriculture
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General Inventions
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Renaissance and the Modern Era
The invention of the The modern era is characterized by:
Gutenberg printing press in rise of the nation state, growth of
1455 marked the beginning tolerance as a political& social belief,
of the Renaissance period.
industrialization, rise of mercantilism &
capitalism, emergence of socialist
New paradigms were posed countries, discovery & colonization of
– the Scientific revolution. the non-western world, rise of
The changes that happened
representative democracy, increasing
paved the way to a modern
role of science and technology,
era.
urbanization, mass literacy, proliferation
of mass media. With the Scientific
New ideas in art, science, Method introduced by Francis Bacon in
astronomy, religion, 1621, a sudden leap of advancement in
literature, mathematics, science occurred, like advocating
philosophy, & politics were inductive reasoning as the foundation
developed and advanced. off scientific thinking, this clear system
of scientific inquiry would assure man’s
Industrial Revolution (18th To 19th Century
AD)- Started In Great Britain - Was The Era
That Led Handmade Production To Machine &
Factory.
Three Important Development During This Era:
1. Transportation Was Expanded.
2. Electricity Was Effectively Harnessed.
3. Improvements Were Made To Manufacturing
And Communication.
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Thank
you for
listening!
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