MANAGEMENT
INTRODUCTION
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What Is An Organization?
• An Organization Defined
– A deliberate arrangement of people to
accomplish some specific purpose (that
individuals independently could not
accomplish alone).
• Common Characteristics of
Organizations
– Have a distinct purpose (goal)
– Composed of people
– Have a deliberate structure
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The Organization As An Open System
Environment
System
Inputs Transformation Outputs
Raw materials Employee’s work Products and services
Human resources activities Financial results
Capital Management Information
Technology activities Human results
Information Technology and
operations methods
Feedback
Environment
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Management?
• Management
– the process of coordinating work activities so
that they are completed efficiently and
effectively with and through other people
– elements of definition
•Process - represents ongoing functions or
primary activities engaged in by managers
•Coordinating - distinguishes a managerial
position from a non-managerial one
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Who Are Managers?
• Manager
– Manager is someone who perform
certain activities or duties as they
efficiently and effectively coordinate
the works of other
– Someone who coordinates and
oversees the work of other people so
that organizational goals can be
accomplished.
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Efficiently and Effectively
• Efficiently refer to getting the most
output from the least amount of
inputs as “doing things right”
• Effectively refer to completing
activities so that organizational goals
attained, as doing the right things”
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Effectiveness and Efficiency in
Management
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Management Function
Management function is the process of
• planning, organizing, commanding,
coordinating controlling
• planning, organizing, staffing, directing
and controlling
• planning, organizing, leading, directing
and controlling organization’s resources to
achieve organizational goals
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Management Function
• Planning – defining goals,
establishing strategy for achieving
those goals, and developing plans to
integrate and coordinate activities
• Organizing – determining what tasks
are to be done, how it will be done,
and who is to do it
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Management Function
• Leading – directing and motivating
individuals or teams, selecting the
most effective communication and
resolving conflicts
• Controlling – monitoring actual
performance, comparing actual
standard, and taking action if
necessary
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Management Function
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Why Management
needed
•achieve individual and
organizational goals
•prevent contradiction goals
•achieve goals efficiently and
effectively
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Why Management
needed
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Managers Roles
• Management roles – managerial
behavior
• Interpersonal roles – involving
ceremonial and symbolic activities
• Informational roles – receiving,
collecting and disseminating information
• Decision roles – involving in problem
solving and decision making
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Level of
Management
• Top manager – responsible to the board
of director and stockholder for overall
firm’s performance
• Middle manager – responsible to top
manager for implementing the strategies
and policy
• First-line manager – responsible to
middle manager for supervising the works
of employees
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Level of
Management
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Managerial Skills
• Technical Skills – needed to perform
specialized tasks
• Human relations Skills – needed to
understanding and getting along with
people
• Conceptual Skills – abilities to think in
abstract, diagnose and analyze different
situations
• Decision Making Skills - abilities in
defining problems and selecting the best
problem solving
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Skills Required
Technica Human Conceptu Decisio
l Relatio al n
n Making
TOP Low High High High
Middle Medium Medium Medium Medium
First-
High Medium Low Low
line
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Skills Required
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