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Statically Determinate Structures Analysis

Chapter Two focuses on the analysis of statically determinate structures, covering idealized structures, the principle of superposition, equations of equilibrium, and determinacy and stability. It emphasizes the importance of modeling structures accurately for practical force analysis and outlines the conditions for stability and determinacy in structural design. The chapter also provides guidelines for applying equilibrium equations to assess structural integrity.

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23 views32 pages

Statically Determinate Structures Analysis

Chapter Two focuses on the analysis of statically determinate structures, covering idealized structures, the principle of superposition, equations of equilibrium, and determinacy and stability. It emphasizes the importance of modeling structures accurately for practical force analysis and outlines the conditions for stability and determinacy in structural design. The chapter also provides guidelines for applying equilibrium equations to assess structural integrity.

Uploaded by

rawan alguniemat
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Chapter Two

Analysis of Statically
Determinate Structures
Outlin
e
Idealized Structure

Principle of Superposition

Equations of Equilibrium

Determinacy & Stability

Application of the Equations of Equilibrium


2.1 Idealized
Structure
 In real sense exact analysis of a structure can never be carried out.

 To develop the ability to model or idealize a structure so that the structural


engineer can perform a practical force analysis of the members

 Support Connections
 Structural members are joined together in various ways depending on
the intent of the designer.

 The three types of joints most often specified are:

1. Pin connection: allow some freedom for slight rotation.

2. Roller support: allow some freedom for slight rotation.

3. Fixed joint: allows no relative rotation between the


connected members.
In
Steel Reality:
structures

Concrete
structures
Idealized
Models:

 Idealized models used in structural analysis:


 In reality, all connections exhibit some stiffness toward
joint
rotations owing to friction & material behavior.

 A more appropriate model for a support or joint might be that shown


bellow.

 If k = 0 the joint is pin and -> , the joint is fixed

Notes:
 When selecting the model for each support, the engineer must be
aware how the assumptions will affect the actual performance
 The assumptions must be reasonable for the structural design.
 The analysis of the loadings should give results that
closely
approximate the actual loadings
Example
Common types of
connections on
coplanar structures
are given in Table 2.1
 Idealized Structures:
 Tributary Loadings

 There are 2 ways in which the load on surfaces can transmit to various
structural elements:
 1-way system
 2-way system

 1-way system

 For R.C. slab, if the reinforcement is in one direction -> 1-way

 If the reinforcement is in two directions, load may be transmitted


in 2-way

 If L2  L1 & if L2/L1  2, the slab will behave as a 1-way slab


5.4 kN 10.8 kN 5.4k
N

1.5m 1.5m
 2-way system

 If L2/L1  2, the load is assumed to be delivered to the supporting


beams & girders in 2 directions.
 Case one: Square R.C. slab (L2/L1 = 1)
 This area is determined by constructing diagonal 45o lines
 Case two: other geometry

 Example: If L2/L1 = 1.5, it is necessary to construct 45o lines that intersect


as shown below:
2.2 principle of
 “Thesuperposition
total disp. or internal loadings (stress) at a point in a structure
subjected to several external loadings can be determined by adding
together the displacements or internal loadings (stress) caused by each
of the external loads acting separately”

 Linear relationship exist among loads, stresses & displacements

 2 requirements for the principle to apply:

 Material must behave in a linear-elastic manner, Hooke’s Law is


valid.

 The geometry of the structure must not undergo significant change


when the loads are applied, small displacement theory.
2-3 equations of
Equilibrium
 The analysis of statically determinate structures requires first drawing the
free-body diagrams of the structure or its members then applying the
equations of equilibrium.

 For equilibrium (3-D):

 Fx   Fy   Fz 
0 0 0

 x
 For most
M  y M 0  z M 0
structures (2-D Problems), it can be reduced to:
0
 Fx  0

 Fy  0
2-4 Determinacy &
Stability
Determinacy: when all the forces in structure can be determined
from equilibrium equation , the structure is referred to as statically
determinate. Structure having more unknown forces than available
equilibrium equations called statically indeterminate.

 General rule:
a structure can be identified as being either statically determinate or
statically indeterminate by drawing free-body diagram and then
comparing the total number of unknown reactions with the total
number of available equilibrium equations.
 For a coplanar structure:

r statically determinate
3n, statically
r indeterminate
n: is number of structure parts.
3n,
r: is number of unknown forces.

 Note: The additional eqns needed to solve for the unknown eqns
are referred to as compatibility eqns
Exampl
e:
 Classify determinate & indeterminate structure, If statically indeterminate,
report the no. of degree of indeterminacy:
r3
n1
3 Statically Determinate
3(1)

r5
n1
5 Statically indeterminate
3(1)
2 nd degree
r6
n2
6 Statically determinate
3(2)

r  10
n3
10  3(3) Statically indeterminate
1st degree
r7
n2
7 Statically indeterminate, 1st degree
3(2)

r  10
n2
10  3(2) Statically indeterminate
4th degree
Stability
 Members of structure must be properly held or constrained by their
supports.
 Two situations may occur where the conditions for proper constraint have
not been met:
1. Partial Constraints: r < 3n
 In some cases a structure or one of its members may have
fewer reactive forces than equations of equilibrium that must be
satisfied.

will not be satisfied  unstable with thisloading


F x  case
2. Improper Constraints: r >= 3n
 This can occur if all the support reactions are concurrent at a point.
 This can occur also when the reactive forces are all parallel

In
General
r < 3n, Then the structure is Unstable (partial)
r >= 3n, Also, Unstable if member reactions are concurrent
or parallel or some of the components form a collapsible
mechanism (improper)
 Important: If the structure is unstable, it does not matter if it is statically
determinate or indeterminate. In all cases such types of structures must be
avoided in practice.
Exampl
e:
 Classify The structure Stable or Unstable:

r3
n1
3 no special cases  Stable
3(1)
r8
n2
8 no special cases  Stable
3(2)

r3
n1
3 the three reactions are concurrent at  Unstable
r7
n3
7  Unstable
3(3)
2-5 Applications of the Equations of
Equilibrium

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