Awareness Training :
Waste Management:
2025
Definition : Waste
Waste are unwanted or unusable
materials. Waste is any substance
discarded after primary use, or is
worthless, defective and of no use.
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Types of Waste
Solid wastes: domestic, commercial and
industrial wastes especially common as co-
disposal of wastes
Examples: plastics, Styrofoam containers,
bottles, cans, papers, scrap iron, and other trash
Liquid Wastes: wastes in liquid form
Examples: domestic washings, chemicals, oils,
waste water from ponds, manufacturing
industries and other sources
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Primary goal of Waste Management
The Three Primary Goals Of Waste Management Are:-
•Waste Reduction,
• Resource Recovery,
•Proper Waste Disposal.
Methods of Waste Disposal
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E-waste defination
Every year millions of electrical and electronic devices are discarded as
products break or become obsolete and are thrown away. These
discarded devices are considered e-waste and can become a threat to
health and the environment if they are not disposed of and recycled
appropriately.
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Solid Waste Management defination
•Solid Waste Management (SWM) encompasses all the activities required to manage waste
from its generation to its final disposal.
•Solid Waste Management (SWM) includes the whole chain of waste collection, transport,
treatment, and disposal.
CATEGORY TYPE DESCRIPTION
Based on Source Residential This type of solid waste from residential colonies
primarily consists of organic wastes such as leftover
food and plastics.
Commercial These types of solid wastes are generated in
manufacturing and usually consist of metals, glasses,
etc.
Agricultural Food grains, litter, stubble etc.
Based on Content Organic Organic waste is bio-degradable and is generally
obtained from residential and agricultural activities.
Plastic Plastic waste is non-biodegradable. Due to its
convenience, plastic products are preferred by a variety
of consumers. As discussed above, thermoplastics are
much easier to recycle than thermo-setting plastic.
Metallic These wastes are usually generated in industrial
processes and are occupational health hazards. Many of
these wastes are found to be carcinogenic.
Based on Hazard Toxic waste A waste is termed toxic when it may result in adverse
Potential health effects upon human beings exposed to it through
physical contact, inhalation, or radiation.
Flammable Flammable wastes have low flash points and may cause
fire outbreaks in landfills and other areas, causing
severe damage to life and property.
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Biodegradable Materials
biodegradable items are less harmful than non-biodegradable products.
Biodegradable materials have emerged as a possible solution to
pollution and environmental protection.
These materials degrade naturally over time, leaving
no toxic residues and considerably lowering their
environmental impact.
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Landfill & Its drawback
Landfills are waste disposal system in where the waste is burnt or buried. This is
the most common and easiest form in waste disposal.
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CAUSES OF LANDFILLS
•Population growth–
The increase in the rate of population has got negative effects on the environment. The
more the population, the more the waste is being dumped in the landfills waste. The demand for the
manufactured goods increases which in turn increases the soils waste.
•Agricultural waste–
Agricultural waste has also increased owing to the rise in demand for food. The waste from the
agriculture is mainly from animal manure, crop remains, worn out agricultural produce and farm
remains. All these are dumped into the landfills. Since the agricultural wastes are rich in chemical
fertilizers it pollutes the soil in the landfills. This in turn affects the soil quality.
•Soil waste–
This tops the list to increase the amount in landfills. Solid waste includes waste from markets, hotels,
houses, schools, malls and so on. Food waste, broken furniture, plastics, electrical items, electronic
goods, wires, cables, hospital waste, waste from malls are all included in solid waste. Most of the
above mentioned items are not degradable and can cause severe damage to the environment. They
stay in the landfills for years.
•Industrial and construction waste–
The industrial and construction waste include waste from refineries, wood, metal waste, waste from
power plant and from construction sites. All this adds up to fill the landfills. 95% of these are
biodegradable.
•Urbanization–
Rapid increase in urbanization over that years has filled up the landfills. Plastics and all sorts of
toxins are a part of urbanization which is indeed dumped in the nearby landfills.
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EFFECTS OF LANDFILLS
•Air pollution–
Different types of toxic gases are emitted from the landfills. All these toxins get easily mixed with the
atmosphere thus polluting it. Due to excessive pollution, the ozone layer gets depleted owing to
global warming and drastic change in climate.
•Water pollution–
The harmful chemicals and the toxins from the landfills seeps into the ground and gets mixed to the
underground water table. The ground water gets contaminated in the process. This is then absorbed by the
roots of the plants and trees causing harm to their growth. Thus these landfills cause water pollution.
•Land pollution–
As mentioned above, the materials dumped in the landfills produces toxic gases that easily mixes with air and
water thus polluting it. Similarly these wastes are put on land which infiltrate the soil and contaminates it. The
soil looses it texture and its naturality. The land once used for landfills cannot be used for any other purpose in
future. It becomes a waste land.
•Health issues–
Due to all the pollutants from these landfills, a lot of health issues like birth defects, lung disorders, and
asthma and skin irritations are reported in many places that are near to these landfills. A lot of other health
issues are closely linked to landfills.
•Excessive methane–
Combustion of landfills can cause severe damage and can cause excessive pollution. Methane is the most
emitted and the most combustible gas in the landfills. If it is in excess can cause havoc. It can even add to
global warming as it is a green house gas.
•Leaching–
Leaching is the process by which the dirty water from the trash leaks to the ground in the landfills. This
Leachate is usually acidic and has dissolved organic and non organic materials in it. This drastically changes
the ph level of the soil. This is one of the major effects of landfills.
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THANKS
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