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Circular Motion and Angular Dynamics

The document discusses the concepts of rotation and dynamics, including arc length, angular speed, period, frequency, and centripetal acceleration. It provides equations for calculating average and instantaneous angular velocities, as well as the relationship between linear and angular motion. Examples, such as a dental drill and a car's wheel, illustrate the application of these principles in real-world scenarios.

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jayraldyayen24
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9 views48 pages

Circular Motion and Angular Dynamics

The document discusses the concepts of rotation and dynamics, including arc length, angular speed, period, frequency, and centripetal acceleration. It provides equations for calculating average and instantaneous angular velocities, as well as the relationship between linear and angular motion. Examples, such as a dental drill and a car's wheel, illustrate the application of these principles in real-world scenarios.

Uploaded by

jayraldyayen24
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Rotation & Dynamics

of rotation
Mark Jenno G. Denzon
Instructor I
Agrometeorology
Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
Arc Length
y
arc length = s = r
f
r

 i

s  is a ratio of two lengths; it is


 
r a dimensionless ratio!
MFMcGraw Ch5-Circular Motion-Revised 2/15/10 35
Angular Speed
The average and instantaneous angular velocities are:

 
av  and   lim
t t  0 t

 is measured in rads/sec.

MFMcGraw Ch5-Circular Motion-Revised 2/15/10 36


Angular Speed
y
An object moves along a
f circular path of radius r; what
is its average speed?
r i

x

total distance r   


vav   r   r av
total time t  t 

Also, v r (instantaneous values).


MFMcGraw Ch5-Circular Motion-Revised 2/15/10 37
Period and Frequency
The time it takes to go one time around a closed path is
called the period (T).
total distance 2r
vav  
total time T

2
Comparing to v = r:   2f
T

f is called the frequency, the number of revolutions (or


cycles) per second.

MFMcGraw Ch5-Circular Motion-Revised 2/15/10 38


Centripetal Acceleration
Consider an object moving
y
in a circular path of radius r
at constant speed. v

Here, v  0. The v
direction of v is changing.
x
If v  0, then a  0. v
Then there is a net force
acting on the object.
v

MFMcGraw Ch5-Circular Motion-Revised 2/15/10 39


Centripetal Acceleration

Conclusion: with no net force acting on the object it would


travel in a straight line at constant speed

It is still true that F = ma.

But what acceleration do we use?

MFMcGraw Ch5-Circular Motion-Revised 2/15/10 40


Centripetal Acceleration
The velocity of a particle is tangent to its path.

For an object moving in uniform circular motion, the


acceleration is radially inward.

MFMcGraw Ch5-Circular Motion-Revised 2/15/10 41


Centripetal Acceleration

The magnitude of the radial acceleration is:

2
v
ar  r v
2

MFMcGraw Ch5-Circular Motion-Revised 2/15/10 42


Linear and Angular Acceleration

The average and instantaneous angular acceleration are:

 
 av  and   lim
t t  0 t

 is measured in rads/sec2.

MFMcGraw Ch5-Circular Motion-Revised 2/15/10 43


Linear and Angular Acceleration

Recalling that the tangential velocity is vt = r means the


tangential acceleration is

vt 
at 
t t
r
t
r

MFMcGraw Ch5-Circular Motion-Revised 2/15/10 44


Linear and Angular Kinematics
Linear (Tangential) Angular

v v0  at  0  t


1 1
x  x0  v0 t  at 2
  0  0 t  t 2

2 2
v 2 v02  2ax  2 02  2

With vt r and at r

“a” and “at” are the same thing


MFMcGraw Ch5-Circular Motion-Revised 2/15/10 45
Dental Drill Example
A high speed dental drill is rotating at 3.14104 rads/sec.
Through how many degrees does the drill rotate in 1.00 sec?

Given:  = 3.14104 rads/sec; t = 1 sec;  =


0
Want .
1
  0  0 t  t 2
2
  0  0 t

 0 t  3.14 10 4 rads/sec 1.0 sec  
3.14 10 4 rads 1.80 10 6 degrees
MFMcGraw Ch5-Circular Motion-Revised 2/15/10 46
Car Example
Your car’s wheels are 65 cm in diameter and are rotating at 
= 101 rads/sec. How fast in km/hour is the car traveling,
assuming no slipping?

X
total distance 2r N 2r
v   r
total time T N T
101 rads/sec 32.5 cm 
3.28 103 cm/sec 118 km/hr
MFMcGraw Ch5-Circular Motion-Revised 2/15/10 47
End of presentation

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