REVOLUNIZING
HUMAN LIFE
CHAPTER 5
BY GROUP 3 BSED 1-PLATO
Technology is achieving its purpose resulting
to automation that resulted to greater efficiency
through innovation. The advancements in science
and technology have surpassed the traditional
of mass production, efficiency, and streamlining of
labor to carry out industrial operations.
Every facet of life and society have revolutionized
through the developments in science and
technology. The core spheres of life transformed and
were altered through improvements in
communication, industry, economy, education and
all areas of human existence.
BREAKTHROUGH IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
As key drivers to modern change, science and
technology significantly impact not only economies
but health systems industries, infrastructures and
even the educational systems. The 21st century
breakthrough such those pertaining to
biotechnology information communication
technology (ICT), nano technolog have transformed
practices and lives of people across the globe.
Breakthroughs in factors
affecting human tasks have stood out over the last
century as they have revolutionized human life.
PRINTING PRESS
German Johannes Gutenberg
developed this machine in 1439.
This device allows ink made of
linseed oil and soot to be
transferred on a piece of paper
which includes images and
characters. This permitted the
multiple publications of books
and writings which facilitated the
spread of information. Printing
presses allowed the exponential
increase of speed in the printing
of books, which triggered the
widespread knowledge
dissemination specifically in
Western Europe around 1500.
ELECTRICITY
These phenomena drove the
developments largely for the
seventeenth and eighteenth
centuries specifically for
residential and industrial use.
Electricity powered innovations
in transportation,
communications and computer
technologies. Electric charge,
which is either positive or
negative, produces electric
current which in turn runs
machines.
ELECTRIC
BATTERY
This is a device made of
electrochemical cells and
provides electricity to
power electrical devices.
Developed around 1800s
when people have no
continuous electricity
supply, Alessandro Volta
was the first to use zinc
and silver discs, which
produces, sparks to
operate devices.
STEAM ENGINE
This was invented by James
Watt around 1763 -1775.
This machine can power
factories, trains and even
ships that were used
significantly during the
Industrial Revolution. It
allowed mass production in
factories and the increased
mobility which brought forth
the rise of cities and
urbanization.
INTERNAL COMBUSTION
ENGINE
This was invented by an
Etienne Lenoir, an Engineer
around 1859. Nikolaus Otto
from Germany further
enhanced this machine around
1876. This engine can convert
chemical energy into
mechanical energy for use in
modern vehicles. This invention
allowed the release of high
temperature gas, which can
move a piston, which in turn
can run automobiles
and even aircrafts.
TELEGRAPH
This is a device developed by
Samuel Morse (1791-1872). It was
used to communicate through the
Morse code. Invented around 1830-
1840, this device revolutionized
long distance communication. This
is a code, which assigned a set of
dashes and dots to every letter of
the English alphabet to transmit
complex messages across
telegraph lines. Through the Morse
code, sending of messages
became quick through telegram
offices.
TELEPHONE
Invented by Alexander
Graham Bell around 1876,
this device facilitated
electronic voice
transmission. Bell called the
first telephone an electrical
speech machine. This
device greatly helped in
conducting business
operations and facilitated
better communication that
defied space.
VACCINATION
This is a means to eliminate
diseases and help in extending
human lifespan. In 1796, Edward
Jenner developed the first
vaccine against smallpox. Louis
Pasteur improved the practice of
developing vaccines in 1885.
From his name came the process
of pasteurization. These curbed
deaths caused by life-threatening
illnesses and greatly reduced
mortality rate. This advancement
in the practice of medicine
earned for Louis Pasteur the title
AUTO MOBILE
Karl Benz in 1885 created the
first practical motorcar after
developing a gasoline-powered
two-stroke piston engine in 1873.
The manufacturing of this
motorized vehicle did not only
change how humans travel. It
initiated the concept of an
assembly line in factories.
This invention revolutionized
mobility as this development
permitted faster transport from
one point to another of not only
AIRPLANE
In 1903, the Wright
brothers,
Wilbur and Orville, invented
the first successful airplane.
Travel to great distances has
become quick and swift
using this 'flying machine'.
Through this invention,
human flight became
possible and literally shrank
the planet as it allowed
covering thousands of miles
PENICILLIN
A great contribution to the
field of medicine and
wellness, this was
discovered by Alexander
Fleming in 1928. The
purpose of this drug is to
cure bacterial diseases.
Penicillin came from the
fungus penicillium which
was later purified and
developed into a very
eficient drug against
NUCLEAR FISSION
This is a process developed
by Otto Hahn and Fritz
Stassmann, both Germans.
This process splits atoms,
which consequently
produces enormous energy.
This development brought
forth the rise of nuclear
reactors and atomic bombs.
SEMICONDUCTOR
S
This creation laid the
foundation of 'Silicon Valley'.
These electronic devices
were largely made of silicon
and semiconductor devices.
It was in 1947 that John
Bardeen, Walter Brattain
and William Shockley
developed the first device
made out of silicon.
SATELLITE
A satellite is an object launched onto
space and orbits the earth. The
earliest was launched around 1960s
into space from Russia. 'Sputnik' was
considered the first artificial satellite
that lifted off on October 4, 1957. The
United States (US) also launched its
first artificial satellite 'Explorer' on
January 31, 1958. These satellite
technologies allow instant
communication in almost all areas of
this planet. Transmitting signals on
radio and mobile devices these
satellites are so powerful that it can
pinpoint locations through Global
Positioning Systems (GPS) and even
PERSONAL
COMPUTER
The Integrated Computer
Systems developed around
1968 and by 1970s, the
features of these machines
greatly expanded human
capabilities. It was in 1983
that these personal computers
were used in office work.
Pioneer companies like Apple,
Microsoft, and IBM have
refined the specifications and
capacity of these machines.
INTERNET
The World Wide Web formed an
interconnected network of
computers since the 1970s when
Fiber Optics which was coined as
early as 1956. This fiber was
made of ultrapure glass that
transmits light used for
telecommunication.
Consequently around 1989, the
World Wide Web was developed
by Tim Berners-Lee through the
"hypertext markup language"
(HTML) for creating Web pages
as well as the "Uniform Resource
Locator" (URL) to identify the
location to which the data are
ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
AI is the simulation of human
intelligence in machines. These
Als are programmed to think like
humans. They can also mimic or
imitate human actions and
movements. The term Al can be
applied to any machine
exhibiting traits associated with
a human mind which includes
cognitive functions such as
learning and problem-solving.
The History of
Computer Technology
EARLY COMPUTATION THE DAWN OF ELECTRONIC
COMPUTER
● Humans have used computational aids ● The early 20th century saw the development of
for millennia, starting with simple tools electromechanical computers, like the Zuse Z3
like tally sticks. (1941), the first programmable computer.
● The Antikythera mechanism (1st ● The Atanasoff–Berry Computer (ABC) was an
century BC) is the earliest known analog early electronic digital computer.
computer and geared mechanism. ● Colossus (WWII) was the first electronic digital
● Mechanical calculators emerged in the computer, used for codebreaking, though task-
17th century, with notable contributions specific.
from Blaise Pascal (Pascaline, 1642) and ● ENIAC (1946) was the first general-purpose
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (Stepped electronic digital computer.
Reckoner, 1673). ● The Manchester Baby (1948) was the first
● Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine stored-program computer.
(19th century) and Ada Lovelace's
programming concepts were
foundational, though the machine was
never fully realized.
THE SEMICONDUCTOR REVOLUTION
● The transistor (Bell Labs, late 1940s) revolutionized computing, leading
to smaller, more efficient The transistor (Bell Labs, late 1940s)
revolutionized computing, leading to smaller, more efficient machines.
● The integrated circuit (IC) and the MOSFET further miniaturized
electronics.
● The microprocessor (Intel, 1971) enabled the personal computer (PC)
revolution.
● Moore's law, the observation of the doubling of transistors on integrated
circuits roughly every two years, drove much of the progress.
● machines.
● The integrated circuit (IC) and the MOSFET further miniaturized
electronics.
● The microprocessor (Intel, 1971) enabled the personal computer (PC)
DATA STORAGE NETWORKING AND
MANAGEMENT THE INTERNET
● Early storage used magnetic ● ARPANET, the precursor to
drums. the internet, was developed
● Hard disk drives (IBM, 1956) in the 1960s and 1970s.
became the dominant storage ● Ethernet, developed at
medium. Xerox PARC, became the
● Database Management standard for local area
Systems (DBMS) emerged in the networks.
1960s, with relational databases ● Tim Berners-Lee's
(RDBMS) and SQL becoming invention of the World Wide
standards. Web (1989) transformed
● Digital storage surpassed information access.
Operating Systems DATA INTERCHANGE
● The development of ● XML has become a standard
operating systems like UNIX, for data representation and
DOS, Microsoft Windows, and interchange
Linux greatly increased the
usability and functionality of
computers.
Mobile Computing
● The rise of smartphones
and tablets has led to
ubiquitous computing.
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