Nursing

& Their

Theorist
Theories
CONTENT OF THE
REPORT

Hall’s CORE, CARE, and

CURE
Abdellah’s 21 Nursing
Problems
Henderson’s Needs
Theory
Lydia Hall’s
CORE, CARE,
and CURE
by Jessa
Mamilic
LYDIA
HALL
(1906-1969)
 HISTORY AND
BACKGROUND
• Lydia Hall received her nursing education at the New York
Hospital School of Nursing in 1927 and earned both her Bachelor's
in Public Health Nursing (1937) and a Master's in Teaching Natural
Sciences (1942) from Teachers College, Columbia University.
• Lydia Hall completed her basic nursing education in 1927 and later
earned her Bachelor's and Master's degrees from Teachers
College, Columbia University, in public health nursing and natural
sciences, respectively.
• Lydia Hall was the first director of the Loeb Center for Nursing and
Rehabilitation, a position she held until her death in 1969. She had
extensive experience in clinical, educational, research, and
supervisory nursing care.
[Link]
 HISTORY AND
BACKGROUND
• Hall believed that patients should receive care only from
professional nurses. Hall was not pleased with the concept of
team nursing. She said that
“... any career that is defined around the work that has to be
done, and how it is divided to get it done, is a ‘trade’ rather
than a profession.
• She maintained that nurses functioned in all three different
domains but in different degrees.
• Core – The Person
• Care – The Body
• Cure – The Disease
[Link]
 CONCEPT AND DEFINITION

Core – refers to a person or the recipient of care and includes

the use of therapeutic self to relate with the patient.
Cure – refers to medical interventions that are performed on
the patient.
Care – is the exclusive domain of nursing.

[Link]
 THEORY ASSERTIONS AND
APPLICATION OF THE
THEORY
• Lydia Hall’s Core, Care and Cure Model laid the foundation for
classifying the professional nurse’s function today. Nurses are able to
carry out nursing interventions independently, dependently, or
interdependently.
• The core aspect of the theory - maintains that it is our
responsibility to make sure that the patient receives the highest
level of care possible from all concerned health professions.
• The cure aspect of theory- clearly delineates nursing functions
that are dependent on the members of the medical profession.
• The care domain of the theory - refers to the independent roles
and functions of the nurses insofar as their knowledge and skills.

[Link]
 [Link] of Hall’s Care, Cure,
and Core Theory in Nursing
Practice

1. Improved Communication and

Collaboration
2. Improved Patient Satisfaction
3. Personal and Professional Growth
4. Better Recovery and Health Outcomes
4. Reduced Healthcare Disparities

[Link]
 Implementing Hall’s Care, Core,
and CureTheory in Nursing
Practice

1. Incorporating Holistic Care

2. Engaging in Reflective Practice
3. Promoting Interdisciplinary
Collaboration
4. Advocating for Patient-Centered Policies
1. NSIRNUG MPOBRLSE
2. PMRBOEL LVISNOG
3. APTNIET AREC
FAYE GLENN
ABDELLAH
(1919-2017)
 “Nursing is based on science and
art that molds the attitude,
intellectual competencies, and
technical skills of individual nurse
into the desire to help people, sick
or well cope with their health
needs”
“Nursing is the service to
individual family, therefore, the
society
“Nursing is the use of problem-
solving approach with key nursing
problems related to the health
needs of people
 History and
• Born on MarchBackground
13, 1919, and died on February 17,
2017
• Was inspired to become a nurse after the Hindenburg
explosion when she was 18 years old.
• Got her nursing diploma from Fitkin Memorial
Hospital’s School of Nursing; then earned a Bachelor
of Science degree in nursing in 1945, a Master of Arts
degree in physiology in 1947 and a Doctor of
Education degree in 1955.
• Managed a primary care clinic at the Child Education
 Contributions to
•
Nursing
Abdella’s first teaching role was at Yale University
• Asserted that nursing knowledge should be based on research
and not the hour of care
• Transformed the focus of nursing from disease-centered to
patient- centered and expanded the role of nurses to include th
care of families and the elderly
• Taught research methods and theory at several universities,
including Washington, Colorado, Minnesota, and South Carolina
and argued that nursing education should be based on researc
 Contributions to
• Abdellah has Nursing
written many articles in
professional journals including:
-Effect of Nurse Satffing on Satisfactions with
Nursing Care (1959)
-Patien-centered Approaches to Nursing (1960)
-Better Patient Care through Nursing Research
(1965), revised in 1968. etc......
 Contributions to
• Nursing
Headed a research team in
Manchester Connecticut that
established the groundwork for what
became known progressive care unit
• Abdellah developed the Patient
Assistant Care Evaluation and one
those who lead the development of
Abdellah on Home Care
• Home care is the third phase of the
Progressive Patient Care equation.
• “Short sighted people at the time kept
saying home care would mean having a
maid (nurse) in everyone’s home”-Abdellah
• Home care with nurse will help patients
regain independent function.
 Service in Military
• served in the US Public Health Service
Commissioned Corps for 40 years, served on
active duty during the Korean War and was
the first nurse officer to achieve the rank of
two-star rear admiral.
• Believes that nurses should be more involved
in public-policy discussions concerning home
regulation.
• Educated Americans about AIDS, alcoholism,
hospice care, smoking, and drug education.
International Contibutions
• Shared her nursing theories with
caregiver around the world. She led
seminars in France, Portugal, Israel,
Japan, China, New Zealand, Austrilia,
and former Soviet Union
• Research consultant to the World
Health Organization
 Overview of
Abdellah’s
Patient-
Centered
Approaches in
Nursing Model
 Ten steps to identify the client's
problem:
1. Learn too know the patient
2. Sort out relevant and significant data
3. Make generalizations about available
data in relation to similar nursing problems
presented by other patients
4. Identify the therapeutic plan
[Link] generalizations with the patient and
make additional generalizations
6. Validate the patient’s conclusion about his nursing
problems .
7. Continue to observe and evaluate the patient over a
period of time to identify any attitudes and cues
affecting his behavior.
8. Explore the patient’s and family’s reactions to the
therapeutic plan and involve them in the plan.
9. Identify how nurse feels about the patients nursing
problems.
10. Discuss and develop a comprehensive nursing care
plan.
11 Nursing Skills
• Observation of health status
• Skills of communications
• Application of Knowledge
• Teaching of patients and families
• Planning and Organization of
work
• Use of resource materials
• Use of personal resources
• Problem-solving
• Direction of work of others
• Therapeutic use of the self
 THE 21
NURSING
PROBLEMS in
Nursing problems

• the condition/problem faced by the patient or their family that nurses

help the meet, through the performance of professional function

• the problem being said can be covert or overt nursing problem

Problem Solving

-involves identifying the problems, selecting pertinent data, formulating

hypothesis, testing hypothesis through collection of data, and revising

hypothesis where necessary on the basis of conclusion obtained from the

data.
 3 Major Categories of the
21 Nursing Problems

Ph y
s i ca n
so ci
olog
l, m o
and i ca l C o m o f
em o , Types of
n ts
ti on m e e
n ee
ds o a l interpersonal
ele c ar
f relationship en t
cl i e
n ts cli
between the nurse
and patient
CLASSIFICATION:
BASIC TO ALL PATIENTS
[Link] maintain good hygiene and physical
comfort
[Link] promote optimal activity: exercise, rest
and sleep
[Link] safety through prevention of
accidents, injury, trauma, and infection
[Link] maintain good body mechanics and
prevent and correct deformity
CLASSIFICATION:
SUSTENAL CARE NEEDS
5. To facilitate the maintenance of a
supply of oxygen to all body cells
6. To facilitate the maintenance of
nutrition for all the body cells.
[Link] facilitate the maintenance of
elimination
[Link] facilitate the maintenance of fluid and
electrolyte balance
CLASSIFICATION:
SUSTENAL CARE NEEDS
9. To recognize the physiological response
of the body to disease conditions-
pathological, physiological, and
compensatory.
[Link] facilitate the maintenance of
regulatory mechanisms and functions.
[Link] facilitate the maintenance of sensory
functions.
CLASSIFICATION:
REMEDIAL CARE NEEDS
12. To identify and accept positive and negative
expressions, feelings and reactions
13. To identify and accept interrelatedness of
emotions and organic illness.
14. To facilitate the maintenance of effective
verbal and nonverbal communication.
[Link] promote the development of productive
interpersonal relationship.
CLASSIFICATION:
REMEDIAL CARE NEEDS
[Link] facilitate progress toward achievement
and personal spiritual goal.
17. To create or maintain therapeutic
environment
18. To facilitate awareness of self as an
individual with varying physical, emotional,
and developmental needs.
CLASSIFICATION:
RESTORATION CARE
NEEDS
[Link] accept the optimum possible goals in
the light of limitations, physical and
emotional
[Link] use community resources as an aid
resolving problems that arise from the
illness
[Link] understand the role of social problems
as influencing factors in the cause of illness.
 THEORETICAL
ASSERTION
A.
PERSON
• People have physical, social and
emotional needs which can be overt or
covert
• Patients are described as the only
justification for the existing nursing.
 THEORETICAL
ASSERTION
B. ENVIRONMENT
• Environment is the home
or community from which
patient comes
 THEORETICAL
ASSERTION
C.
•HEALTH
In Patient-Centered
Approaches to Nursing,
Abdellah describe health as
exclusive of illness
 THEORETICAL
D. ASSERTION
• Nursing is a helping profession
NURSING
• Nursing is broadly groupes into 21
problem areas to guide care and
promote use of nursing judgement
• nursing is an art and science that
aims to help the ill and not ill.
USE OF 21 PROBLEMS UN THE
NURSING PROCESS
ASSESSMENT
• Nursing problems provide guidelines for the
PHASE
collection of data
• A practice underlying the problems solving
approach is that for each identified problems,
pertinent data are collected
• The overt or covert nature of the problems
necessitates a direct or indirect approach
respectively.
USE OF 21 PROBLEMS UN THE
NURSING PROCESS
NURSING
• The result
DIAGNOSISof data collection would
determine the client’s specific overt or
covert problems.
• These specific problem would be
grouped under one or more od the
broader nursing problem.
• This step consistent with that involved in
nursing diagnosis
USE OF 21 PROBLEMS UN THE
NURSING PROCESS
PLANNING PHASE
• The statements of nursing problems most
closely resemble goal statements. Therefore,
once the problem has been diagnosed, the
goals have been established
• Given that these problems are called nursing
problems, then the goals are basically called
nursing goals
USE OF 21 PROBLEMS UN THE
NURSING PROCESS

IMPLEMENTATION
• Using the goals as the framework, a plan
is developed and appropriate nursing
interventions are determined
USE OF 21 PROBLEMS UN THE
NURSING PROCESS

EVALUATION
• According to the American Nurses’ Association
Standard of Nursing Practice, the plan is evaluated
in terms of the client’s progress toward the
achievement of the stated goals.
• Goals are nursing goals, not the client goals
• Thus, the most appropriate evaluation would be the
nurse progress or lack of progress toward the
achievement of the stated goals.
CRITERIA TO BE USED TO DETERMINE THE
EFFECTIVENESS OF PATIENT-CENTERED
CARE
1. The patient is able to provide for the satisfaction of his own
needs.
2. The nursing care plan makes provision to meet four needs-
sustenal care, remedial care, restorative care, and preventive
care.
3. The care plan extends beyond the patient’s hospitalization and
makes provision for continuation of the care at home.
4. The levels of nursing skills provided vary with the individual
patient care requirements
5. The entire care plan is directed at having the patient help
himself
6. The care plan makes provision for involvement of members of
the family throughout the hospitalization and after recharge.
 Virginia
Henderson’s
“Need
Theory”
by Chris Ann
VIRGINIA HENDERSON
(1955)
“ The unique function of the nurse is to
assist the individual, sick or well, in the
performance of those activities
contributing to health or its recovery
( or to peaceful death ) that he would
perform unaided if he had the
necessary strength, will, or knowledge.
“ (Henderson, 1955)
 • known as “The
Nightingale of
Modern Nursing”,
“Modern-Day Mother
VIRGINIA HENDERSON
of Nursing ”, and “The
(1955) 20th century
Florence
Nightingale”
HISTORYAND
BACKGROUN
D • Henderson is a renowned researcher, teacher, and
scholar.
• born in Kansas City, Missouri
• authored three editions of “Principles and Practices
of Nursing (1939)” and “Basic Principles of
Nursing” published in 1966 and revised in 1972,
which has been published in 27 languages by the
International Council of Nurses
• she died in March 19, 1996 at the age of 98.
OVERVIEW OF
HENDERSON'S THE
NATURE OF NURSING
MODEL
• her theory of nursing encompasses a definition of nursing,
a description of the function of a nurse, and enumeration
of the 14 components that make up basic nursing
care

• she define nursing as “doing things for patients that

they would do for themselves if they could, that is
if they were physically able or had the required
knowledge. Nursing helps the patient become
healthy or die peacefully, and also helps people
work toward independence, so that they can begin
to perform the relevant activities for themselves as
• She emphasized the art of nursing
and proposed 14 Basic Human
Needs.
• Henderson’s Level of Nurse-Patient
Relationship in which the nurse acts as: (1) a
substitute for the patient, (2) a helper to
the patient, and (3) a partner with the
patient.
1
Basic Human
Needs

4
 Breathe
normally.
Eat and drink
adequately.

Eliminate body
wastes.
Move and
maintain
desirable
postures.
Sleep and
rest.
Select suitable clothes;
dress and undress.
Maintain body temperature
within a normal range by
adjusting clothing and
modifying the environment.

Keep the body clean and

well groomed and protect
the integument.
Avoid dangers in the
environment and avoid
injuring others.

Worship according
to
one’s faith.
Communicate with
others
in expressing emotions,
needs, fears, or
opinions.
Work in such a way that
there is a sense of
accomplishment.
Play or participatein
various forms of
recreation.
Learn, discover, or satisfy the
curiosity that leads to normal
development and health, and use
the available health facilities.
The first 9 components are physiological. The 10th
and 14th are psychological aspect of
communicating and learning. The 11th
component is spiritual and moral. The 12th and
13th components are sociologically oriented to
occupation and recreation.
THE MAJOR ASSUMPTIONS
OF THE THEORY

1. Nurses care for the patients until patients can care to

themselves once again. Patients desire to return to health.

2. Nurses are willing to serve and that nurses will devote

themselves to the patient day and night.

3. Nurses should be educated at the university level both arts

and sciences.
 CONCEPTS

A. PERSON - individual that requires assistance to achieve health and

independence or a peaceful death. Mind and Body are inseparable.

B. ENVIRONMENT - all external conditions that might affect life and

development.

C. HEALTH - equated with independence, viewed in term of the

client's ability to perform 14 components of nursing care unaided

D. NURSING - who assist and support individual in life activities and

attainment of independence.

Purpose: To assist the client in gaining independence as rapidly as possible.

“The nurse is temporarily the consciousness of the
unconscious, the love of life for the suicidal, the
leg of the amputee, the eyes of the newly blind, a
means of locomotion for the infant and the
knowledge and confident for the young mother...”
THANK
FOR

YOU
LISTENING