EBE

2502:EIA
AND AUDIT
DR. SYLVIA MURUNGA
 Course content

EIA Process:
◦ Project location, baseline environmental information. Project objectives, proposed technology,
procedure and processes. Materials for construction and implementation of project. Products, by-
products and wastes. Potentially affected environment. Environmental impacts of project.
Alternative project technologies and processes. Analysis of project alternatives. Environmental
management plan. Framework for environmental assessment; description of environmental
setting; prediction and assessment of impacts on air, water, noise, biological, cultural and socio-
economic environments; methods of impact analysis; public participation in decision making;
environmental statements; Environmental management and Coordination Act.
Cont.
Man’s impact on terrestrial, aquatic and atmospheric environments.
Characteristics of long-term studies and monitoring.
Variables and processes used in environmental monitoring.
Importance and value of environmental monitoring
Ecological monitoring and surveillance programme.
Concepts of environmental degradation and pollution.
Applications of remote sensing and GIS.
Environmental pollution in Kenya.
Introduction: Environmental
management
Is a decision-making process which regulates the impact of human on
environment in such a way that the capacity of environment to sustain
human development will not be hampered
A process which allocates resources (both natural and man-made) so as
to make optimum use of the environment in a sustainable way.
This management implies an element of conscious choice from a variety
of alternative proposals and furthermore that such a choice involves
purposeful commitment to recognised and desired objectives.
 Environmental Management involves:
Environmental planning, (Focus is on
Environme implementation, monitoring and auditing; on
ntal practice and coping with real-world issues)
Manageme Conservation of resources,
Evalu­ation of environmental status (audit)
nt Environmental legislation and administration
 Environment
al
management
Environmental management involves:

1. Identification of objectives and define problems

2. Determination of appropriate Action Plan

3. Implementation and progress evaluation

4. Monitoring and Adjust Management

5. Future Environmental Management and

planning
Characterist
ics of
Environmen
tal
manageme
nt.
Cont.
Environmental management is a field of study dedicated to understanding human-
environment interactions and the application of science to solving problems
Awareness has been developed regarding environmental protection and quality of life.

The meaning and content of environment is being renewed regularly with new technologies
like clean technology, environmental auditing, environmental friendly products, environmental
impact assessment, environmental resource conservation, etc. added.
But all these aspects have been converged when the wider concept of environmental
management has emerged and also accepted as a tool for sustainable development.
 SIGNIFICANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT
Environmental Management is an approach which integrates Ecology, Policy making, Planning and
Social development. Its main objectives is:
To prevent and solve environmental problems by
◦ To establish limits.
◦ To develop research institutions and monitoring systems.
◦ To warn threats and identify opportunities.
◦ To suggest measures for resource conservation.
◦ To develop a strategy for the improvement of quality.
◦ To suggest long-term and short-term policies for sustainable development.
◦ To identify new technology for future development
Environmental issues

Air pollution
Water pollution
Solid waste disposal
Deforestation
Soil degradation
 Entitlement to a clean and
healthy environment (Article 42 of constitution
of Kenya, EMCA)

1) Every person in Kenya is entitled to a clean and healthy environment and has the duty
to safeguard and enhance the environment.

(2) The entitlement to a clean and healthy environment under subsection (1) includes the
access by any person in Kenya to the various public elements or segments of the
environment for recreational, educational, health, spiritual and cultural purposes.

(3) If a person alleges that the entitlement conferred under subsection (1) has been, is
being or is likely to be contravened in relation to him, then without prejudice to any other
action with respect to the same matter which is lawfully available, that person may apply to
the High Court for redress and the High Court may make such orders, issue such writs or
give such directions as it may deem appropriate to—
 Cont.
(a) prevent, stop or discontinue any act or omission deleterious to the environment;

(b) compel any public officer to take measures to prevent or discontinue any act or omission deleterious
to the environment;

(c) require that any on-going activity be subjected to an environment audit in accordance with the
provisions of this Act;

(d) compel the persons responsible for the environmental degradation to restore the degraded
environment as far as practicable to its immediate condition prior to the damage; and

(e) provide compensation for any victim of pollution and the cost of beneficial uses lost as a result of an
act of pollution and other losses that are connected with or incidental to the foregoing.

Continue with 4 and 5

 Establishment of the National
Environment Management
Authority
The National Environment Management Authority (NEMA), is established under the Environmental
Management and Co-ordination Act No. 8 of 1999 (EMCA) as the principal instrument of Government for the
implementation of all policies relating to environment.

Objectives as mandated be EMCA

(1) The object and purpose for which the Authority is established is to exercise general supervision and co-
ordination over all matters relating to the environment and to be the principal instrument of Government in the
implementation of all policies relating to the environment.

(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, the Authority shall—
a) co-ordinate the various environmental management activities being undertaken by the lead agencies and
promote the integration of environmental considerations into development policies, plans, programmes
and projects with a view to ensuring the proper management and rational utilization of environmental
resources on a sustainable yield basis for the improvement of the quality of human life in Kenya;
 Cont.

(b) take stock of the natural resources in Kenya and their utilisation and conservation;

(c) establish and review in consultation with the relevant lead agencies, land use guidelines;

(d) examine land use patterns to determine their impact on the quality and quantity of natural
resources;

(e) carry out surveys which will assist in the proper management and conservation of the environment;

(f) advise the Government on legislative and other measures for the management of the environment
or the implementation of relevant international conventions, treaties and agreements in the field of
environment, as the case may be;
 Cont.
g) advise the Government on regional and international environmental conventions, treaties and
agreements to which Kenya should be a party and follow up the implementation of such agreements
where Kenya is a party;

(h) undertake and co-ordinate research, investigation and surveys in the field of environment and
collect, collate and disseminate information about the findings of such research, investigation or
survey;

(i) mobilise and monitor the use of financial and human resources for environmental management;

(j) identify projects and programmes or types of projects and programmes, plans and policies for
which environmental audit or environmental monitoring must be conducted under this Act;

(k) initiate and evolve procedures and safeguards for the prevention of accidents which may cause
environmental degradation and evolve remedial measures where accidents occur;
 Cont.
(i) monitor and assess activities, including activities being carried out by relevant lead agencies, in
order to ensure that the environment is not degraded by such activities, environmental
management objectives are adhered to and adequate early warning on impending environmental
emergencies is given;
(m) undertake, in co-operation with relevant lead agencies, programmes intended to enhance
environmental education and public awareness about the need for sound environmental
management as well as for enlisting public support and encouraging the effort made by other
entities in that regard;
(n) publish and disseminate manuals, codes or guidelines relating to environmental management
and prevention or abatement of environmental degradation;
(o) render advice and technical support, where possible, to entities engaged in natural resources
management and environmental protection so as to enable them to carry out their responsibilities
satisfactorily;