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BTC301 Cell Biology and Genetics
Internal Organization of the cell:
Classical Genetics Cells as experimental models, Cells and cellular organelles, Tools of cell
biology- Microscopy and cell Architecture, Purification of cells, Membrane
Mendelian inheritance, Euploidy and structure, Membrane Transport of small molecules and electrical properties
aneuploidy , Genetic interactions of membranes
Cytoskeleton and cell movement
Molecular Genetics
Structure and organization of actin filaments, Actin myosin and cell
Split and Overlapping genes, Transposons & movement, intermediate filaments, microtubules, microtubule motors and
Retrotransposons, Mutation, DNA Repair and movements, cell-cell interactions
human diseases, Recombination
Cell signalling
Signaling molecules and their receptors, function of cell surface receptors,
pathways of intracellular signal transduction, signal transduction and the
cytoskeleton, signalling in development and differentiation
Cell cycle and cancer
Eukaryotic cell cycle, meiosis and fertilization, stem cells, Development and
causes of cancer, oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes
Genetics
Genetics is a branch of biology concerned with the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in
organisms.
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Classical versus molecular genetics
• Classical genetics is the branch of genetics based solely on visible results of reproductive acts. It is the
oldest discipline in the field of genetics, going back to the experiments on Mendelian inheritance by
Gregor Mendel who made it possible to identify the basic mechanisms of heredity.
• Classical genetics is the part of genetics that is solely about the method in which genetic traits are
transmitted via the acts of reproduction
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• Molecular genetics is the field of biology that studies the structure and function of genes at
a molecular level and thus employs methods of both molecular biology and genetics.
• It involves study of the chromosomes and gene expression of an organism can give insight
into heredity, genetic variation, and mutations. This is useful in the study of developmental biology and in
understanding and treating genetic diseases.
Genes and alleles
Chemical information that is
transported and encoded by each
gene is referred to as a trait.
BB
Slide from [Link]
Ploidy
Ploidy refers to the number of sets of chromosomes in an
organism.
In human every cell has two sets of chromosome 23 pairs or 46
chromosomes and therefore it is called diploid.
Ehamberg - Own work; Wikipedia
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Phenotype versus genotype
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Dominant and recessive
Homozygous and hetereozygous
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Mendel’s experiment
Mendelian law of inheritance
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Bb
B b =50
Punnett Square
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Monohybrid cross
YY Yy
[Link]
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12/monohybrid-cross/
Dihybrid cross
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12/dihybrid-cross/
Non Mendelian inheritance
Non Mendelian inheritance
Pedigree analysis
Human Heredity by Michael Cummings ©2006 Brooks/Cole-Thomson Learning
Lets revise
Autosomal dominant
[Link]
inheritance-patterns/autosomal-recessive/
[Link]
AA/Aa aa AA
AA/Aa
AA
Aa Aa Aa/aa Aa/aa Aa AA
aa
Mitochondrial
inheritance
Y linked
inheritance
Solving pedigree
[Link]
[Link]
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