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Understanding Normal Distribution Basics

Normal distribution is a symmetric probability distribution commonly found in natural and social sciences, characterized by a bell-shaped curve where the mean, median, and mode are equal. It follows the 68%-95%-99.7% rule for standard deviations and allows for standardization through Z-scores for comparing different datasets. Real-world applications include human heights, standardized test scores, and blood pressure readings.

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Syahir Afif
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11 views15 pages

Understanding Normal Distribution Basics

Normal distribution is a symmetric probability distribution commonly found in natural and social sciences, characterized by a bell-shaped curve where the mean, median, and mode are equal. It follows the 68%-95%-99.7% rule for standard deviations and allows for standardization through Z-scores for comparing different datasets. Real-world applications include human heights, standardized test scores, and blood pressure readings.

Uploaded by

Syahir Afif
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Normal Distribution

Understanding Key Concepts,


Examples, and Real-World
Applications
What is Normal Distribution?
• - A probability distribution that is symmetric
about the mean.
• - Forms a bell-shaped curve.
• - Found in many natural and social sciences.
Type of Random Variable
• - Normal distribution applies to continuous
random variables.
• - Example: Height, weight, IQ scores, exam
results.
Characteristics of Normal
Distribution
• - Symmetrical curve centered at the mean (μ).
• - Mean = Median = Mode.
• - Follows the 68%-95%-99.7% rule:
• - 68% within 1 SD
• - 95% within 2 SDs
• - 99.7% within 3 SDs
Why is it Called 'Normal'
Distribution?
• - The term 'normal' comes from its frequent
appearance in real-world data.
• - Many natural processes follow this
distribution.
• - Example: Heights of adults in a population.
Probability Density Function (PDF)
• - A function that describes the likelihood of a
value occurring.
• - For normal distribution:
• f(x) = (1/σ√2π) * e^(-(x - μ)² / (2σ²))
• - Helps calculate probabilities over a
continuous range.
Mean, Mode, and Median
• - All three lie at the center of the distribution.
• - The curve is perfectly symmetrical around
the mean.
Standardization of Normal
Distribution
• - Converts different normal distributions into a
standard form.
• - Standard normal distribution has mean = 0
and SD = 1.
• - Formula: Z = (X - μ) / σ
How X Becomes Z?
• - Raw scores (X) are transformed into Z-scores.
• - Z-scores measure how far a value is from the
mean in SDs.
• - Helps compare different datasets.
Finding Probabilities
• - Use Z-tables, calculators, or statistical
software.
• - Example: Find probability of scoring above 85
in an exam with μ = 75 and σ = 10.
• - Convert to Z-score: Z = (85 - 75) / 10 = 1.
• - Look up Z = 1 in the table to get probability.
Greater Than vs Greater or Equal
To
• - In continuous distributions, P(X > a) = P(X ≥ a)
because P(X = a) = 0.
• - Example: Probability of height being greater
than 180 cm is the same as height ≥ 180 cm.
Five Probability Examples
• 1. Height of people (e.g., taller than 180 cm)
• 2. Exam scores (e.g., scoring less than 60)
• 3. Task completion time (e.g., finishing under
40 min)
• 4. Temperature (e.g., exceeding 30°C)
• 5. IQ scores (e.g., above 130)

• Each example has a different mean and


standard deviation, affecting probabilities.
Real-Life Scenarios
• 1. **Human Heights:** Heights in a
population follow a normal distribution.
• 2. **Standardized Test Scores:** Exams like
SAT and IQ tests are designed to be normally
distributed.
• 3. **Blood Pressure Readings:** Blood
pressure levels in a healthy population follow
a normal curve.
Summary
• - Normal distribution is common in real-world
data.
• - It is symmetrical, with mean = median =
mode.
• - Standardization helps compare datasets.
• - Z-scores allow probability calculations.
• - Used in heights, test scores, and medical
studies.
Thank You!

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