Nursing
Informatics
Theories, Models,
WMSU & Frameworks
What is Nursing Informatics?
Defined by American Nurses Association (ANA, 2001)
• A specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science,
and information science to manage and communicate data,
information, and knowledge in nursing practice.
• Facilitates the integration of data, information, and knowledge
to support to patients, nurses, and other providers in their
decision-making in all roles and settings.
• This support is accomplished through the use of information
structures, information processes, and information technology.
Nursing science is the development of
theories and practical concepts for improving
how clinicians and patients administer care
and manage conditions. It merges the worlds
of natural, applied, and human science into a
multi-dimensional lens that explores new and
better ways to deliver health services.
Information science is the study of
processes for storing and retrieving
information, especially scientific or technical
information.
Computer science is the study of the
principles and use of computers.
Major Historical Perspectives of Nursing and
Computers
• Prior to the 1960s
- computers in healthcare were used for administrative
and accounting functions
• 1960s
- nurses’ station was viewed as the most appropriate
center for the development of computer applications.
• 1970s
- hospitals began developing computer-based
information systems
• 1980s
-field of nursing informatics became visible in the
healthcare and nursing
-mainframe healthcare information systems emerged
-ANA approved the formation of the Council on
Computer Applications in Medical Care
• 1990s
- ANA recognized nursing informatics as a new nursing
specialty separate Scope of Nursing Informatics Practice
Standards
- integration of technology in Philippine Nursing
• 2000s to present
- healthcare information became digitalized
- newer technologies emerged
-nursing research agenda promoted the integration of
nursing care data in HIT systems
• The Data, Information, Knowledge and Wisdom Model
(DIKW Model) provides a theoretical framework for
defining the scope of practice for nursing informatics.
DATA Raw facts Information System
INFORMATION Raw fact processed to produce meaning
KNOWLEDGE Group of interrelated pieces of information Decision-Support System
WISDOM Ability to apply knowledge to human problems Expert System
MODELS FOR NURSING INFORMATICS
1. Clinical-Information-System (CIS) Model
- to depict system components, influencing factors,
and relationships that need to be considered when
attempting to capture the complexities of professional
nursing practice
2. Graves and Corcoran
- placed data, information, knowledge in sequential
boxes with one-way arrows pointing from data to
information to knowledge.
- direct depiction of nursing informatics
3. Schwrian
- guide systematic
research in discipline;
provides a framework for
identifying significant
information
4. Turley
- core components of
informatics: cognitive science,
information science, and
computer science are depicted
in intersecting circles
5. McGonigle and Mastrian
-foundation of knowledge
model; shows data and
information distributed
randomly
Theories Supporting Nursing Informatics
A. Nursing Theories
- Grand nursing theories
- Middle range nursing theories
B. Novice to Expert (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1980)
- 5 stages: novice, advanced beginner, competent,
proficient, and expert
C. Computer Science
- a study of algorithms for solving computation
problems; programming languages to solve specific
computational problems
D. Information Science
- gathering, manipulation, classification, storage, and
retrieval of recorded knowledge
E. Communication
- to analyze information transfer and
the effectiveness and efficiency of
communications
Blum’s theory: data, information, & knowledge
F. Cognitive Science
- a study of mind
- enhancements of biological-based intelligence and
artificial intelligence
G. General Systems theory
- focuses on the organization and interdependence of
relationships within a system
- Information systems and People are usually
considered open systems
H. Behavioral and Social Sciences
- focuses on process of driving actions; emotions,
cognition, motivation
Planned-changed theory
Learning theories
Organizational Behavior
Management science – rational, science-based
Group Dynamics
FOUR MAJOR NURSING AREAS
1. Nursing Practice
– Has become an integral part of the electronic health record (EHR).
– Computer systems with nursing and patient care data, nursing care
plans are no longer separate subsystem of the computerized HISs
but rather integrated into one interdisciplinary patient health record in
the HER.
– Nursing practice data emerged. Used to assess problems, document
care, track the care process and measure outcomes.
– The electronic version of nursing practice—the computer—has
revolutionized and transformed nursing practice
FOUR MAJOR NURSING AREAS
2. Nursing Administration
– Nursing administration hospitals has also changed with the introduction of computer that links
nursing departments together
– Most policy and procedure manuals are accessed and retrieved by computer.
– The internet is being used by nurses to access the libraries, online resources, and research
protocols at the bedside.
3. Nursing Education
– Most universities and schools of nursing offer computer enhanced courses, online courses,
and/or distance education.
4. Nursing Research
– Provides the impetus to use the computer for analyzing nursing data.
ACTIVITY # 1: SHORT BONDPAPER
• Times New Roman, 12, 1.5 Spacing ( Min. 500 words)
• Choose one Major Nursing Area ( out of the 4
Presented), and explain how Nursing Informatics can
be applied and give one concrete example.