Intelligence

Tests
Presentation by:
Juhie
Swathi
Thanushree
Viruthika
 Intelligence
Intelligence refers to an individual's global mental
capacities (or) a general term referring to the ability to
learn and develop adaptive behaviors.
And intelligence tests essentially measure an
individual's rational and abstract thinking.
They are designed to measure the global mental
capacities of an individual in terms of verbal
comprehension, perceptual organization, reasoning,
and so on.
Intelligence Quotient tests are
designed to measure:
A person’s:
• Cognitive abilities
• Intellectual potential
• Range of skills
• Logical reasoning
• Problem solving
• Memory
• Language proficiency
 NOTE
• IQ tests have been criticized for various
reasons, including cultural bias and limited
scope in assessing the full spectrum of
human intelligence.

• Intelligence is a complex and multifaceted

trait that cannot be fully captured by a
single test. Many experts emphasize the
importance of considering multiple factors
when assessing an individual's cognitive
abilities and potential.
 Types of Intelligence Tests

● On the Basis of Administration

● On the Basis of the Nature of Items
● On the Basis of Culture Fairness
 TYPES
On the Basis of On the Basis of On the Basis of
Administration nature of items culture fairness

• Standford Binet Scale, • Verbal tests, Non-verbal

• The Army Beta test,
• Wechsler Intelligence tests & performance
• The Cattell Culture Fair
Test for Children tests..
test, and
(WISC),
• Raven's Progressive
• Wechsler Adult
Matrices.
Intelligence Scale
(WAIS),
• Bhatia's battery of
performance tests, and
• Aurthur Point Scale.
Stanford-Binet test
The Stanford-Binet test is one of the most
popular IQ tests performed today. It is
the original and first IQ test developed
in 1916 by Lewis Terman at Stanford
University and was based upon the
earlier work of French psychologist
Alfred Binet and his student Theodore
Simon. Over time the test has
undergone revisions to improve
reliability and validity. Currently the
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale is in
its fifth edition.
Scores for the Stanford Binet are calculated from subtests
from all five factors and scaled based on the test takers
age. For more information on scoring, see the scoring and
reporting system user’s guide. The average score for the
test is 100, and classifies intelligence within the following
score ranges:
 Wechsler’s Intelligence Scale for
Children
The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
(WISC) has been around since 1949 as an
adaptation of David Wechsler’s 1939
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale. This
version of the Wechsler test is a psychological
assessment that measures different aspects
of intelligence and is designed for children
between the ages of 6 to 16.
The test has undergone several updates
and the current version of the test is the
fifth edition WISC-V which was released in
2014.
It is most often used as a clinical tool to
measure individual cognitive abilities.
The WISC is often used among a battery
of other tests to assess and identify
cognitive function and ability ranges
which can help identify giftedness,
learning disabilities, or general strengths
and weaknesses a child may have in
their cognitive abilities.
The WISC-V Test includes 10 Primary Scale/Full
Scale IQ subtest types:
 How WISC is scored?
• Scores for this test are determined based on statistical
values such as the mean (the average) and standard
deviation (a calculation that determines a significant
distance of a score from the average). Once a child’s
performance on a subtest is compared to the normative
sample, subtest scores are converted into scaled scores
that serve as one of the universal metrics for this test.

• A scaled score of 10 is the mean and scaled scores that

deviate 3 units reflect a standard deviation. Similar
subtests are then combined into Primary Index Scales that
have a mean of 100 and standard deviation of 15. These
numbers help determine the classification for performance.
 Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
is an intelligence test first published in 1955
and designed to measure intelligence in
adults and older adolescents.

The test was designed by psychologist David

Wechsler, who believed that intelligence was
made up of a number of different mental
abilities rather than a single general
intelligence factor.
 History
● Wechsler was dissatisfied with what he believed were the
limitations of the Stanford-Binet intelligence test. Among
his chief complaints about that test was the single score
that emerged, its emphasis on timed tasks, and the fact
that the test had been designed specifically for children and
was therefore invalid for adults.

● As a result, Wechsler devised a new test during the 1930s,

known as the Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scales. The
test was later revised and became known as the Wechsler
Adult Intelligence Scale, or WAIS.
 How WAIS is scored?
• On the WAIS, Wechsler instead compared the scores
of the test-taker to those of others in their general
age group. The average score is fixed at 100, with
approximately two-thirds of all scores falling
somewhere between 85 and 115.

• On the current version of the WAIS, test scores that

fall between 90 and 110 are considered average
intelligence. Many other intelligence tests later
adopted Wechsler's method, including the modern
version of the Stanford-Binet.2
 Versions of the WAIS
● WAIS (1955): The original test was a revision of the
Wechsler-Bellvue Intelligence Scale, a test that was first
released in 1939.
● WAIS-R (1981): The first revision of the test added new
norms but relied on validity data from the original test. It
also included six verbal and five information subtests and
provided a verbal IQ score, performance IQ score, and
overall IQ score.
● WAIS-III (1997): This test version included seven verbal
and six performance subtests. Along with providing scores
for verbal, performance, and overall IQ, the test also
includes secondary scores for verbal comprehension,
working memory, perceptual organization, and processing
speed.
● WAIS-IV (2008): This version of the WAIS is made up of 10
main subtests and five supplemental tests. The 10 core
subtests are then used to obtain an overall score.
 Uses
● Today, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale continues to be one of
the most widely used clinical instruments. In addition to being used
to measure adult and adolescent intelligence, clinicians use the test
to:

● Assess cognitive functioning in people with psychiatric conditions

● Assess functioning in people with brain injury
● Evaluating patterns of brain dysfunction
● Diagnostic purposes
 Bhatia's battery of
performance tests
• Bhatia’s Battery of Performance Tests of
Intelligence, popularly known as Bhatia’s
intelligence test one of the popular intelligence
tests in the Indian subcontinent.

• Bhatia Battery test is a performance test of

intelligence which is developed by C.M. Bhatia in
1955. It includes cards with different patterns and
the children are required to draw these patterns
without lifting the pencil
Pattern drawing test
Koh’s Block Design Test
Alexander Pass Along Test
Picture Construction
Test
Immediate Memory Test
Arthur Point Scale of
Performance
 The Army Beta Test

● The Army Beta emphasized non-

verbal abilities, and required
recruits to complete mazes,
complete pictures with missing
elements, recognize patterns in a
series, and solve puzzles. The
Army Beta was group
administered, strictly timed.
 The Cattell Culture Fair test
● The CFIQ Test, , is a high-range IQ assessment granting a maximum score
of up to 152. Under the pressure of a 30-minute time limit, it calls upon
your spatial intelligence to answer a selection of 25 questions.

● These require you to use your capabilities to comprehend and process

three-dimensional images, geometry and shapes logically. Your right-hand
brain affinity is used extensively through this test, with each test item
using spatial recognition and spatial reasoning questions to solve.
 Raven's
Progressive
Matrices
● Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices (or Raven’s SPM) is a
non-verbal intelligence test used to assess the test taker’s
observational skills, problem-solving and overall ability to
learn. Unlike other IQ tests that provide a wide range of
intelligence scores from their subtests, Raven’s SPM
produces a single raw score from the 60 items (i.e.
questions/problems) presented in the test. The test’s 60
items are broken into 5 sets of 12 and do not include a time
limit. The test is designed for use for children as young as 5
and can also be used with the elderly.

● The Raven’s Matrices test was developed originally by John

C. Raven in 1936. The multiple-choice items/questions are
presented in an order of progressive difficulty and
considering that many of the test’s patterns are presented
in square matrices ranging from 6×6 to 2×2, the
“Progressive Matrices” title was deemed appropriate.
 What the Raven’s Progressive
Matrices Test Measures
● This test is primarily geared toward gaining
an understanding of the subject’s fluid
intelligence and abstract reasoning through
its 60 non-verbal questions. The test is easy
to administer, so it has found many practical
applications as it has been found to measure
the two main components of Spearman’s g:
the ability to think clearly and eductive ability
(the ability to make sense of complexity).
 USES
● The test is perhaps most famous for its use in the British
military. From 1942 onwards the British armed forces used a
20-minute version of the test as part of their entrance
requirements. Officers took an adapted version of the test,
and other militaries around the world picked up on it as well,
as it has also been used in the Russian military. For non-
military applications, certain high IQ societies have used the
Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices test (more on that
below) as an accepted IQ test for admittance, if the applicant
can achieve a high enough score.
QUESTIONS