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Nucleic Acids: Structure and Function

The document discusses nucleic acids, highlighting their role as essential macromolecules that carry genetic information and instructions for cellular functions. It explains the structure of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of nucleic acids, and categorizes nitrogenous bases into purines and pyrimidines. Additionally, it differentiates between DNA and RNA, detailing their structures and functions in living organisms.

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Ronelyn Plaza
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77 views43 pages

Nucleic Acids: Structure and Function

The document discusses nucleic acids, highlighting their role as essential macromolecules that carry genetic information and instructions for cellular functions. It explains the structure of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of nucleic acids, and categorizes nitrogenous bases into purines and pyrimidines. Additionally, it differentiates between DNA and RNA, detailing their structures and functions in living organisms.

Uploaded by

Ronelyn Plaza
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

UNSCRAMBLE

ME!
PICK A NUMBER
1 2 3
4 5
DEORINUCXYLEICBO
DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC
DICA
ACID
GUESS ME
PICK A NUMBER
1 2 3
4 5
LIECRINUCBO
RIBONUCLEIC
ACID
CIDA
GUESS ME
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1 2 3
4 5
NITROGENOUS
NOUSTROGENI
BASES
SESBA
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1 2 3
4 5
NUCTIDESLEO
NUCLEOTIDES
GUESS ME
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1 2 3
4 5
NUCLEIC
LEICNUC
ACID
ADIC
GUESS ME
PICK A NUMBER
1 2 3
4 5
Nucleic Acid
 The most important macromolecule for the
continuity of life
 Nucleic acids carry the genetic blueprint
of a cell and carry instructions for the
functioning of the cell
 Provide information to make proteins
Nucleic Acid
 The monomer of nucleic acid is
nucleotides and when combined together
forms a polynucleotide which is the major
component of nucleic acid.
Nucleotide
Components of nucleotide:
 Nitrogenous
bases
 Sugar
 Phosphate group
Nitrogenous
Bases
Classified into:
1. Purines: are bases such as Adenine and
Guanine
2. Pyrimidines: are bases such as
Cytosine, Thymine and Uracil
Nitrogenous
Bases
Sugar
 The general name for the sugar component
of nucleotide is ribose
 The sugar component of RNA is D-
ribose and in DNA is 2-Deoxy-D-
ribose
 The combination of sugar and nitrogenous
base is known as nucleoside
Sugar
Nucleosid
e
Nucleosid
e
Phosphate
Group
 Is the third component
of nucleotide
 When phosphate
group bond to -
2

C𝐻2OH of a
nucleoside, the result
is nucleotide
Two Major Types of Nucleic
Acids
Deoxyribonucleic
Acid
 Is the genetic
material
found in all living organisms
Composed of two strands
Ribonucleic Acid
 Mostly involved in
protein synthesis
 Composed of one
strand
Structure of Nucleic
Acid
 The primary structure is the sequence of
nucleotides itself which has two parts: the
backbone of the molecule and the
bases that are the side chain
group
 The backbone of DNA consists of sugar
and phosphate group
Structure of Nucleic
Acid
 The backbone has 2
ends: a 3’ –OH end
and a 5’ –OH end
 Nitrogenous bases
are the side chain
Structure of Nucleic
Acid
 DNA is composed of 2
strands entwined
around each other in
a double helix
Types of
RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
 Carry the genetic information from
DNA in the nucleus directly to the
cytoplasm
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
 Ensures the proper alignment of
mRNA and ribosomes
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
 Carries the correct amino acid to the
site of protein synthesis
The genetic material of all
living things is called
NUCLEIC ACID
__________.
The two types of nucleic
DNA
acids are __________ and
RNA
__________.
The building blocks of
nucleic acids are called
__________.
NUCLEOTIDES
In RNA, the nitrogenous
URACIL
base __________ replaces
thymine.
DOUBLE
[Link] has a __________-
helix structure.
THAN
K

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